International Criminal Court investigation in Libya

The ICC investigation in Libya was initiated by the February 2011 United Nations Security Council Resolution 1970 in the context of the 2011 Libyan Civil War. ==First Libyan Civil War==

Investigations started during the First Libyan Civil War, in 2011, led to several arrest warrants. Khaled died in Cairo, Egypt on 12 February 2021, as a result of complications related to COVID-19. The ICC claims against Abdullah Senussi were concluded in July 2014 on the grounds that his case was being tried in Libyan courts ==Second Libyan Civil War==

Investigations by the ICC continued during the Second Libyan Civil War, which started in 2014. In August 2025, the ICC unsealed an arrest warrant for Saif Suleiman Sneidel, allegedly an associate of al-Werfalli who participated in executions by the al-Saiqa Brigade. In October 2024, the ICC unsealed arrest warrants for six Libyans connected to the Al Kaniyat militia for war crimes allegedly committed during its occupation of Tarhuna from 2015 to 2020, following the discovery of mass graves in the town. ==Abuse in detention facilities==

Since January 2025, Osama Najim (Almasri), a Libyan general, is wanted by the ICC for war crimes and crimes against humanity allegedly committed by RADA Special Deterrence Forces in Mitiga Prison in Tripoli. He was briefly arrested in Turin on 21 January 2025. The attorney-general of Rome stated that the arrest was invalid because there had not been prior discussions with the Italian Minister of Justice. A court of appeal in Rome agreed with the attorney-general. Najim was released and left Italy. In July 2025, Khaled Mohamed Ali El Hishri (Al-Buti), another senior official of RADA Special Deterrence Forces, was arrested in Germany for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed in Mitiga Prison. He was transferred to ICC custody in The Hague on 1 December 2025. ==European anti-immigration policy==

In October 2025, following an earlier 2019 submission to the ICC Libya investigation, lawyers Omer Shatz and Juan Branco and their colleagues submitted a 700-page request to the ICC to prosecute 122 named European Union (EU) officials for crimes against humanity for "migration policies [that the lawyers] argued led to the interception, detention, torture, killing and drowning of tens of thousands of people". Among the accused were senior EU officials Mark Rutte, Donald Tusk and Federica Mogherini and former Frontex chief Fabrice Leggeri. The request was "based on six years of investigation, interviews with more than 70 senior European officials, minutes of high-level European Council meetings and other confidential documents". According to the lawyers, whose group is named "EU Crimes Against Humanity", 37 people were suspected at the highest level of liability for the crimes, ranging from Ana Cristina Jorge (in relation to Operation Triton), Angela Merkel, Angelino Alfano through to Uwe Corsepius and Walter Stevens of the European External Action Service (in relation to Operation Sophia). ==External links==