Early life Jacob van Eyck was born in 1589 or 1590 into a
noble family probably in
The Hague and raised in the nearby town
Bergen op Zoom. Born
blind, he lived with his mother and father well into adulthood. Van Eyck moved to the town of
Heusden and became involved as a player and technician of the town's
carillon by 1618. He met with several craftsmen and the city
organist to discuss changes and improvements to the carillon, which he carried out in 1620 and 1621.
Carillon career Van Eyck quickly established himself as a renowned carillon player and technician. In 1623 and 1624, he was employed by the city of
Utrecht to repair and renovate the
Dom Tower's clock and carillon. A year later, after negotiations with the city, he left home to become the city
carillonneur. Over the years, he undertook projects to expand and improve the
bell towers at the city hall, the Nicolaïkerk, and the
Jacobikerk. His title was changed to "Director of the Bell-Works" in 1628, and he was entrusted with the technical supervision of all the
bells of the city. He began instructing students to learn to play the carillon. In 1631, he had a small keyboard composed of 30 small bells constructed for instruction. A year later, he was appointed the carillonneur of . Later in 1645, he accepted the same position at the Jacobikerk and the city hall. , where Van Eyck was employed as a carillonneur from 1625 until his death
Campanology career Van Eyck belonged to a circle of academics who met and corresponded regularly to exchange ideas. One of these was
Marin Mersenne, who was the first to
codify the harmonics of a vibrating spring. Van Eyck applied Mersenne's research to the acoustics of tuned bells. He devised methods for isolating the
partials of a bell by whistling at the partials'
resonant frequencies. Van Eyck showcased his discovery to mathematician
René Descartes, who on 23 August 1638, wrote to Mersenne: "In Utrecht lives a blind man with a great musical reputation, who regularly plays bells (...). I have seen how he elicits 5 or 6 different sounds on each of the largest bells, without touching them, but only by coming close to their sound rim with his mouth..." In 1633, Van Eyck told
Isaac Beeckman that the ideal series of a bell's partials consisted of three notes each an
octave apart, supplemented by a
minor third and
perfect fifth in the second octave, and he convinced Beeckman to write about it in his journal on 24 September. The minor overtone series causes the characteristic melancholy sound of a well-tuned carillon. Not only could they be isolated, but Van Eyck asserted that they could be tuned harmoniously with each other by altering the shape of the bell itself. He claimed that it is not possible for a bell to be properly tuned upon casting, but instead that adjustments needed to be made to tune it. His assertion was put to the test in 1644. The city of
Zutphen commissioned the famous
bellfounding duo
Pieter and François Hemony to cast a new carillon for its Wijnhuis tower. The city appointed Van Eyck as its consultant. He convinced the Hemony brothers to tune their carillon bells according to his research before finishing the job, rather than waiting for a negative review from the city. To achieve this, François cast the carillon bells slightly too thick so that they could be shaved down while tuning. Where other bellfounders haphazardly shaved the inside of a bell in an attempt to fix its tune, François placed them on a
lathe rotated by five or six men to guarantee
symmetry. He then shaved down the insides with a chisel to tune the five principal tones. Hemony carillons outfitted with "pure" tuned bells quickly became the standard and were coveted across Europe for decades. Van Eyck's acquaintance with the intellectuals of the time along with his longstanding relationship with bellfounders helps explain how he was able to influence the Hemony brothers.
Recorder career In addition to his work with the carillon, Van Eyck was a particularly skillful
recorder player. In 1644 in
Amsterdam, Paulus Matthysz published Van Eyck's , a collection of variations on popular folk songs at the time for recorder. It was later renamed to . A subsequent volume () was published in 1646 and a revised and greatly enlarged version of first volume was published in 1649. Probably in response to the success of the works, Sint Janskerk increased the salary paid to Van Eyck provided that he entertain passers-by with songs on his
recorder. A second version was published in 1657 and a third and final version of was published .
Later life and death The final years of Van Eyck's life were spent in declining health. He died on 26 March 1657 in Utrecht. His assistant and caretaker Johan Dicx was the principal
legatee of his
will and succeeded him in most of his carillonneur positions. He was buried the next day, and for three hours, the bells of Sint Janskerk, the Jacobikerk, and the Dom Tower were tolled in his memory. Lambertus Sanderus composed a four-line verse that is inscribed on Van Eyck's gravestone. In 2006, the mayor of Utrecht unveiled an inlaid memorial tablet in the Dom Square, at an angle to Dom Tower. The Utrecht Bellringers Guild awards the Jacob van Eyck Prize every three years to fund the preservation of
Dutch cultural and
historical heritage and campanological research. In 2023, the mayor of Utrecht renamed the passageway underneath the Dom Tower as the Jacob van Eyck Passage. ==Works==