Jain sculpture

, the seventh tirthankara'' of present half cycle of time The Jain idols are males depicted in both sitting and standing postures. The tīrthaṅkaras are represented either Padmasana (seated in yoga posture) or standing in the Kayotsarga posture. Parshvanatha statues are usually depicted with a snake crown on head, Bahubali statues are usually depicted covered with creepers. However, there are a few differences in Digambara and Śvetāmbara depiction of idols. Digambara images are naked without any beautification whereas Śvetāmbara ones are clothed and decorated with temporary ornaments. Jivantasvami The Jivantasvami images represent Lord Mahavira (and in some cases other Tirthankaras) as a prince, with a crown and ornaments. The Jina is represented as standing in the kayotsarga pose. image of a Tirthankara carved on Torana in Mahavira Jain temple, Osian|thumb|250px|right == Ancient sculptures ==

Gopachal rock-cut Jain monuments (14-15th CE) are images of Jain Tirthankaras carved in the Gopachal Hill, Gwalior in the state of Madhya Pradesh. Bronzes Various bronze idols of tirthankaras have been discovered in different states. Akota Bronzes and Vasantgarh hoard of Gujarat; Hansi hoard of Haryana, Chausa hoard and Aluara bronzes from Bihar. In Tamil Nadu , Tamil Nadu Jainism spread here and there all over Tamil Nadu during Sangam Age. One of the Tamil literature, called Paripadal (பரிபாடல்), probably belongs to 3rd century, mentions that there were propelling statues sculptured in stone for different deities in the temple of God Murugan in Thirupparankundram. One among them was Jain statue. Others are Kaaman-Rathi (the deities of Love), Deity Indra (the king of so-called Heavenly people according to Indian mythology), Agaligai (wife of Saint Gaudham), and Buddha. Kalugumalai Jain Beds near Madurai belongs to one century latter is to be compared with Thirpparankunram Jain sculpture. In addition a propelling stone statue of a Jain monk mentioned in Tamil literature is also present. Cave inscriptions in Brahmi script of Chera kings in Pugalur probably one century earlier to that of the literature we have taken to our consideration, names some of the Jain Monks vs Yatrur Senkayapan, Pittan, Kotran. Pittan and Kotran are the chieftains of Tamil Nadu also mentioned in Tamil literature more or less to the same period. ==In museums==

Lohanipur torso found in a central Division of Patna, ancient Pataliputra, dates back to 3rd century BCE. Some of the oldest Jain sculptures excaved at Kankali Tila are in the Government Museum, Mathura. Many Jain sculptures are kept in Government Museum, Chennai. The oldest Jain sculpture in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York is of the Siddha Bahubali. ==Jain vs Buddhist iconography==

A Buddhist image can be in one of several mudras. However the Jain tirthankara images can only be in one of the two format. In Padmasana, the statues of a Jina and a Buddha can be similar. The Buddha statue has folds of the cloth on the upperbody, with cloth behind the left arm, where as the Jina statue is without clothes, unless it is a Shwetambara image which shows "kandora" folds. Toluwila Seated Buddha Statue.jpg|Toluvila statue Buddha from Anuradhapura, 5th Century CE, Colombo MET - Neminatha Akota.jpg| Lord Neminatha (Akota Bronzes 7th century) Rishabhanatha - First Jain Tirthankara - Circa 5th Century CE - Kankali Mound - ACCN 00-B-6 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5402.JPG| Rishabhanatha 5th Century CE, from Kankali Tila ==Chronological Gallery: Kayotsarga Statues ==

File:Neminatha - National Museum, New Delhi.jpg|Tirthankara Neminatha Sculpture, National Museum, New Delhi, 11th Century File:Lord adinath statue palitana.jpg| statue of Tirthankara Rishabhnatha at Palitana Four Fold Jain Image with Suparshvanath and Three Other Tirthankaras - Circa 1st Century CE - ACCN 00-B-67 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-24 6023.JPG|Four Fold Jain Image 1st Century Kankali Tila Mathura File:Bahubaliji.jpg|Idol of Bahubali at Shree Pragat Prabhavi Parshwanatha Jinalaya,Dabhoi,Gujarat File:Rishabhanatha - First Jain Tirthankara - Circa 6th Century CE - Katra Keshav Dev - ACCN 12-2-68 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5404.JPG|Rishabhanatha, Mathura Museum, 6th century File:Jain Tirthankara Relief at Padmakshi Gutta 02.jpg|Converted image of Parshvanatha File:'Jina Suparsvanatha' from Karnataka, c. 900, schist, Norton Simon Museum.JPG|Suparsvanatha, Norton Simon Museum, c. 900 CE File:Jain_statue_excavated_at_Gambhu,_Gujarat_in_2022.jpg|11th century Tirthankara statue in kayotsarg Mudra found during the excavation at Gambhu ==Chronological Gallery: Padmasana Statues ==

File:Patan Parshvanatha.jpg|A 10th century CE idol of Parshvanatha from Patan, Gujarat File:Shrine with Four Jinas (Rishabhanatha (Adinatha), Parshvanatha, Neminatha, and Mahavira) LACMA M.85.55 (1 of 4).jpg|Rishabhanatha, Parshvanatha, Neminatha, and Mahavira, LACMA, Uttar Pradesh, circa 600 File:Uttar pradesh, jaina tirthankara parshvanatha con cappuccio di serpenti, vi secolo.jpg|Parshvanatha, Art Institute of Chicago, 6th century File:Photo of lord adinath bhagwan at kundalpur.JPG|Image of Bade Baba (Rishabhanatha) at Kundalpur File:India, madhya pradesh, jina parshvanatha dalla tempèesta, 600-700.JPG| Parshvanatha, 600-700 File:MET - Neminatha Akota.jpg|Neminatha, 7th C, Akota Bronzes File:India, uttar pradesh, jina rishabhanatha, 800-900.JPG| Rishabhanatha, 800-900 File:India, Rajasthan, Medieval period - Jina (Tirthankara) - 2001.88 - Cleveland Museum of Art.tif|Jain tirthankara, Cleveland Museum of Art, 10th century File:Śvetāmbara Idol of Rishabhanatha at Kangra Fort.jpg|Idol of Rishabhanatha Decorated with Flowers & Ornaments as per Śvetāmbara Rituals at Kangra Śvetāmbara Jain Tirth == Deities Gallery ==

File:Goat-faced God Harinaigamesha - Kushan Period - ACCN 2547 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-24 5995.JPG|Naigamesha, Mathura Museum, 1st-3rd century CE File:A Jain Family Group LACMA M.77.49.jpg|Jain Family Group, 6th century File:WLA lacma Jain Goddess Ambika.jpg|Ambika, 6th century File:Yaksha Gomukha and his beloved.jpg|Gomukha, c. 8th century File:MET - Padmavati Idol (1).jpg|Padmavati, 10th century, Metropolitan Museum of Art File:'Digambara Yaksha Sarvahna' from Karnataka, India, c. 900, Norton Simon Museum.JPG|Yaksha Sarvahna, c. 900, Norton Simon Museum == Colossal statues ==

File:Shravanabelagola2007 - 11.jpg| Gommateshwara statue at Shravanabelagola, 10th century File:Tirumalai_Neminatha_Statue.jpg|The statue of Neminath at Tirumalai, the tallest Jain sculpture in Tamil Nadu File:Siddhachal - Rishabhanatha.jpg|Rishabhanatha statue at Gopachal Hill, Gwalior Fort, File:Jain statues, Gwalior.jpg|Rock cut Tirthankara statues at Gopachal Hill, Gwalior File:Mahaveerji_Shantinath_Statue.png|Shantinatha Statue at Shantinath Jinalaya, Shri Mahavirji File:Lord Vasupujya.jpeg|31 ft statue of Lord Vasupujya at Champapur, Bhagalpur File:Shri_1008_Munisuvratnath_Bhagwan_Statue.JPG|Munisuvrata statue at Shantinath Jain Teerth ==See also==