Personal pronouns Majhi does not use the second-person oblique pronoun
tē̃, and instead uses
tū̃. In urban Majhi, the plural oblique pronouns
tusā̃ and
asā̃, as well as the ablative pronouns, are sometimes lost.
Pronominal suffixes One of Majhi's most noteworthy features is the usage of pronominal suffixes, which it shares with
Western Punjabi. Pronominal suffixes are auxiliary replacements of the
copula which act like
pronouns. They function as a particular
thematic role and agree to it in
person and
number (as a pronoun would). The thematic/syntactic roles a pronominal suffix can function as are: • the
direct case subject • the
ergative agent • the
possessive determiner • the
addressee Majhi uses pronominal suffixes for the second and third persons and for both
present and
past tense. Examples in
perfect transitive verbs (marking the ergative agent):
Copula Oftentimes, a pronominal suffix will entirely overtake the regular copula (of the same person and number) in Majhi. This is most common with the third-person plural
ne (ਨੇ / ) or
nẽ (ਨੇਂ / ), used instead of
han. It has become so widespread that it is now regarded as a fundamental characteristic of Majhi, used to distinguish it from other dialects.
- Alternate auxiliary verbs First person singular
ā̃ or
jē (ਆਂ, ਜੇ / ) is used. E.g.
mẽ karnā ʷā̃ / jē (ਮੈਂ ਕਰਨਾ
ਆਂ, ਮੈਂ ਕਰਨਾ
ਜੇ / ) Third person singular
ī or
è (ਏ, ਵੇ, ਈ / ) is used. E.g.
ṓ kardā ī (ਉਹ ਕਰਦਾ
ਈ / )
Other Features hē(gā) sī is used instead of
sīgā.
Adverbial pronouns Majhi uses the
kiññ and
kivẽ classes of adverbial pronouns of manner, which, at their base, are common with
Western Punjabi dialects.
- Use of -na verb ending instead of -da ending for first-person and second-person point of view Examples of Majhi ==Subdialectal differences==