Bruce Lee incorporated into Jeet Kune Do four universal combat truths that he felt were self-evident and would lead to combat success if followed. The "4 Combat Ranges" in particular are what he felt were instrumental in becoming a "total" martial artist. This is also the principle most related to mixed martial arts. These concepts help create a framework for adaptive, real-time decision-making in self-defence scenarios. JKD practitioners also subscribe to the notion that the best defence is a strong offense, hence the principle of "Intercepting". Lee believed that in order for an opponent to attack someone they had to move towards them. This provided an opportunity to "intercept" that attack or movement. The principle of interception covers more than just intercepting physical attacks. Lee believed that many non-verbal telegraphs (subtle movements that an opponent is unaware of) could be perceived or "intercepted" and thus be used to one's advantage. The
"5 Ways of Attack" are attacking categories that help Jeet Kune Do practitioners organize their fighting
repertoire and comprise the offensive portion of JKD. The concepts of stop hits & stop kicks and simultaneous parrying & punching were borrowed from
European fencing and Wing Chun's theory of simultaneous defending and attacking. They comprise the defensive portion of JKD. These concepts were modified for unarmed combat and implemented into the JKD framework by Lee. These concepts also complement the principle of interception.
Economy of motion JKD students are told to waste no time or movement. This technique can be called the technique of "least action" - strike the opponent with the least distance, time and energy possible but also giving a powerful and precise strike. When it comes to combat JKD practitioners believe the simplest things work best. "Efficiency, directness, and simplicity are the hallmark of Jeet Kune Do," according to Bruce Lee.).
Simultaneous parrying and punching When confronting an incoming attack, the attack is parried or deflected and a counterattack is delivered at the same time. This is not as advanced as a stop hit but is more effective than blocking and then counterattacking in sequence. This is also practiced by some Chinese martial arts.
The four ranges of combat Jeet Kune Do students train in each of four "ranges" equally:
Kicking,
Punching,
Trapping, and
Grappling. According to Lee, this range of training differentiates JKD from other martial arts, as most traditional martial systems specialize in training at one or two ranges. Lee's theories have been especially influential in the field of Mixed Martial Arts, as the
MMA Phases of Combat are essentially the same concept as the JKD combat ranges. The ranges in JKD have evolved over time. Initially the ranges were categorized as short or close, medium, and long range. These terms proved ambiguous and eventually evolved into their more descriptive forms although there may still be some practitioners who prefer the three categories.
Five ways of attack •
Single Angular Attack (SAA) and its converse
Single Direct Attack (SDA). •
Hand Immobilization Attack (HIA) and its counterpart
Foot Immobilization attack, which make use of trapping to limit the opponent's function with an appendage. •
Progressive Indirect Attack (PIA). Attacking one part of the opponent's body followed by attacking another part as a means of creating an opening. •
Attack By Combinations (ABC). This is using multiple rapid attacks, with volume of attack as a means of overcoming the opponent. •
Attack By Drawing (ABD). This is creating an opening with positioning as a means of counterattacking.
Three parts of JKD JKD practitioners believe that techniques should contain the following properties: •
Efficiency - An attack that reaches its mark •
Directness - Doing what comes naturally in a learned way. •
Simplicity - Thinking in an uncomplicated manner; without ornamentation.
Centreline The centreline refers to an imaginary line running down the centre of one's body. The theory is to exploit, control and dominate one's opponent's centreline. All attacks, defences and footwork are designed to preserve one's own centreline and open one's opponent's. Lee incorporated this theory into JKD from Wing Chun. This notion is closely related to maintaining control of the centre squares in the strategic game
chess. ==Branches==