Skinner and his school maintain that prior to modernization, transportation was largely constrained by terrain and the physiographic macroregions are a close approximation for the
socioeconomic macroregions of 19th-century China. The macroregions are defined by Skinner as follows: • 10
Northeast China, 东北区 • 20
North China, 华北区 • 30
Northwest China 西北区 •
Wei-
Fen Basins 渭汾流域分区 • Upper
Yellow River Basin 黄河上游分区 •
Gansu Corridor 河西(甘肃)走廊分区 • 40 Upper
Yangtze 长江上游区 • 50 Middle Yangtze 长江中游区 • Middle Yangtze proper 长江中游分区 •
Gan Basin 赣江流域分区 •
Yuan Basin 沅江流域分区 • Upper
Han Basin 汉江上游分区 • 60
Lower Yangtze 长江下游区 • 70 Southeast Coast 东南沿海区 (approximately
Fujian, eastern part of
Guangdong, southern part of
Zhejiang, and
Taiwan) •
Ou-
Ling River Basins 瓯灵流域分区 •
Min River Basin 闽江流域分区 •
Zhang-Quan 漳泉分区 (
Zhangzhou plus
Quanzhou) •
Han Basin 韩江流域分区 •
Taiwan 台湾分区 • 80
Lingnan 岭南区, which may be translated as "South of Mountains". It includes the Southern coast and nearly coincides with the two entities: province of
Guangdong and
Guangxi autonomous region, together traditionally called "Two Guang provinces", or
Liangguang. • 90
Yungui 云贵区; covers most of
Yunnan Province and larger part of
Guizhou Province and corresponds to the
Yungui Plateau. Modern provinces of
Xinjiang,
Tibet,
Qinghai and a larger part of
Inner Mongolia are not considered by Skinner's scheme. == 20th century ==