Leinster Carbery made his senior competitive debut for Leinster on 18 March 2016, when he came off the bench in the province's 12–6 defeat during the
2015–16 Pro12 season at the hands of
Glasgow Warriors. He made his break-through for Leinster when he started at
fly-half in the provinces opening
2016–17 Pro12 fixture against
Benetton on 2 September 2016. Carbery scored two tries in their 20–8 victory against the Italian side. Carbery produced a
Man-of-the-Match performance from
fullback in Leinster's 32–17 win against
Wasps in the quarter-finals of the
2016–17 European Rugby Champions Cup on 1 April 2017. He went on to win the
Young Player of the Season award for both Leinster and the Pro12 for the 2016–17 season. He was used as a replacement by Leinster in the finals of both the
2017–18 Pro14 and
2017–18 European Rugby Champions Cup in May 2018. Leinster's victories in both finals saw them complete a historic double, becoming the first Celtic team to do so.
Munster After much speculation, it was confirmed in May 2018 that Carbery would join Leinster's rivals
Munster on a two-year contract ahead of the 2018–19 season. He made his competitive debut for Munster on 1 September 2018, coming off the bench in their opening
2018–19 Pro14 fixture against the
Cheetahs in
Thomond Park, a game which Munster won 38–0. Carbery made his first start for Munster on 14 September 2018, doing so against
Ospreys in
Irish Independent Park and scoring his first try for the province, as well as kicking five conversions in Munster's 49–13 win. Carbery won the
Man-of-the-Match award and scored 18 points, including a try, in Munster's 64–7 win against
Ulster in
Thomond Park on 29 September 2018. Carbery's try in this match was later voted Munster's try of the
2018–19 season. Carbery made his European debut for Munster on 13 October 2018, starting in the provinces 10–10 draw with
Exeter Chiefs in
Sandy Park and contributing five points off the kicking tee in the sides' opening
2018–19 Champions Cup fixture. One week later, in his first home European game for Munster, Carbery scored one try, four conversions, one penalty and won the Man-of-the-Match award in the provinces 36–22 win against
Gloucester. Carbery scored 14 points, including four penalties and one conversion, in Munster's 26–17 win against his former province
Leinster on 29 December 2018. He was Man-of-the-Match and scored 16 points, including one try, four conversions and one penalty, in Munster's 31–24 away win against
Connacht on 5 January 2019. Carbery scored 26 points, including two tries, five conversions and two penalties, and was Man-of-the-Match in Munster's 41–15 away win against English side
Gloucester in round 5 of the Champions Cup on 11 January 2019. He scored all of Munster's points from penalties in their 9–7 win against
Exeter Chiefs in round 6 on the Champions Cup on 19 January 2019, a result that ensured Munster advanced to a record 18th Champions Cup quarter-final. Carbery signed a two-year contract extension with Munster in March 2019. The ankle injury Carbery sustained whilst on international duty with
Ireland at the
2019 Rugby World Cup was aggravated post-tournament, ruling him out for a number of games. He made his return from injury for the province on 28 December 2019, featuring off the bench in Munster's 13–6 defeat against Carbery's former club
Leinster in round 9 of the
2019–20 Pro14. However, a wrist injury sustained after Carbery played the full 80 minutes in Munster's 38–17 defeat against
Ulster on 3 January 2020 required surgery, and during his rehabilitation for that injury, it was decided that Carbery would also undergo surgery for the ankle injury sustained while on international duty during the world cup, ruling him out for the remainder of the 2019–20 season and indefinitely thereafter. Carbery made his long-awaited return from injury on 26 February 2021, thirteen months after his last appearance for the province. He came on as a replacement for
Rory Scannell in the 63rd minute of Munster's 20–11 away win against
Cardiff Blues in round 13 of the
2020–21 Pro14, converting
Niall Scannell's 77th minute try to secure the victory. In his first start since returning from injury, against
Scarlets on 12 March 2021, Carbery converted all four of Munster's tries and earned the Man-of-the-Match award in their 28–10 win against the Welsh side. In a further injury blow, Carbery suffered a fractured elbow in the final minutes of Munster opening
2021–22 Champions Cup fixture away to
Wasps on 12 December 2021, which required surgery. He signed a two-year contract extension with Munster in January 2022. Having missed the first leg of Munster's
2021–22 Champions Cup round of 16 fixture away to English club
Exeter Chiefs due to injury, which the hosts won 13–8, Carbery returned for the second leg one week later on 16 April 2022 to score 21 points, including a try, two conversions and four penalties for a 100% return off the kicking tee, in the province's 26–10 home win, which secured a 34–23 aggregate win and a record-extending 19th Champions Cup quarter-final for Munster. Carbery earned his 50th cap for Munster when he started in their 40–30 away win against Italian side
Benetton in round 13 of the
2022–23 United Rugby Championship on 28 January 2023. Injuries and the emergence of
Jack Crowley left relatively few opportunities for Carbery in the 2023-4 season and he was released in the summer of 2024.
Bordeaux In July 2024, Carbery moved, with his family to follow once a passport was sorted for his son, to begin a new contract with
Bordeaux Bègles. ==International career==