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Johan Joachim Michelsen

Johan Joachim Michelsen was a Danish assistant and governor of Dannemarksnagore from 26 July 1702 to his death on 28 October 1706.

Career
Johan Joachim Michelsen began his career in the Danish East India Company as chief assistant () in the Danish colony of Tranquebar, being described as an old but thoughtful man. On 26 July 1702, Michelsen became opperhoved of the Danish factory of Dannemarksnagore in Bengal after the resignation of Thomas Schmertz, with a monthly salary of 25 Danish rigsdaler. Collaboration with Armenians Contract regarding Dronning Louise from 18 November 1703In 1703, he bought a ship from the Compagnie des Indes named Dronning Louise, together with a couple of Armenian merchants. Michelsen wanted to restore the Danish trade and viewed the Armenians as likely partners, as the colony had economic difficulties. As a result, on 18 November 1703, a contract was made between the Danes and Armenians, in which Dronning Louise would transport a whole Armenian cargo of mainly sugar worth 300,000 rupees for 5,920 rupees in return. Dronning Louise was determined to depart from Kulpi for Bandar Abbas on 9 January 1704, and the Armenians blessed the ship and the coming voyage: However, in 1704, the ship ran aground during its voyage near Palmyras Point in bad weather, making the Armenians lose half their cargo. Hereafter, the Armenians requested the Mughal government to force the Danes to pay at least the 5,920 rupees back, which Michelsen, however, could not repay, as he had mainly bought the ship with the 's money without the approval of the Tranquebar's Privy Council (''''). Letter to Shah Soltan Hoseyn Consequently, Michelsen's debt grew, and with assistance from an Armenian, he subsequently sent a letter to the Shah of Iran, Soltan Hoseyn, requesting certain trading rights, which is mentioned in an anonymous memorandum to King Frederick IV of Denmark from between 1702 and May 1704: Soltan Hoseyn was very interested in establishing contact with King Frederick and, therefore, agreed to the request if the Danes aided Persia against piracy in the Persian Gulf. Particularly, the Danes were to provide a manned bomb vessel and fire ship, for which expenses Soltan Hoseyn was willing to pay; nevertheless, despite aid being easily provideable, this proposal could not improve the Company's economy. Contract regarding Printz Jørgen Afterwards, another contract was reached between the Danes and two Armenians on 19 May 1705 following some negotiations, in which the vessel Printz Jørgen was to transport an Armenian cargo worth 8,000 pagodas from Dannemarksnagore to Bandar Abbas. Although the ship reached Tranquebar in the fall of 1705, it had almost no cargo in return. Similarly, in the fall of 1704, the Gyldenløve was sent from Dannemarksnagore to Tranquebar without cargo, which spread rumors that the ship was forced to use a ballast tank, instead of regular cargo, to stabilize itself. These incidents damaged the Company's reputation, which was mockingly said to have a "water trade" by other European companies in Bengal. Accordingly, Michelsen is referred to as having acted arbitrarily, with Indian historian Lalit Mohan Mitra calling him incompetent and claiming he did little to further Danish trade in Dannemarksnagore. Meanwhile, Danish colonial historian Kay Larsen says he was unlucky, highlighting ''Dronning Louise's'' grounding. == Accounts and debt ==
Accounts and debt
Michelsen died in Dannemarksnagore on 28 October 1706 and was succeeded by Jacob Panck, who started negotiating with Michelsen's creditors. After his death, an auction took place in Michelsen's house, revealing that he had been practicing embezzlement and that his accounts were in complete disorder, owning only 1,100 rupees while being in debt to multiple merchants, including Armenian Cossia Petrus, to whom he owed 6,243 rupees. Michelsen's debt eventually became a casus belli for the Mughal government to besiege Dannemarksnagore in 1707, and most of his debt was paid in the same year by the later governor of Tranquebar, Christen Brun-Lundegaard, who confiscated Michelsen's belongings for 871 Danish rigsdaler, 8 fanam, and 30 cash. == See also ==
Notes and citations
Notes Citations References • • • • • •
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