Johann Adolf was born on 10 November 1672 at
Polenzko,
Anhalt-Bitterfeld,
Holy Roman Empire. He was the son of Johann Ernst von Metsch (1629–1710) and Eleonore Dorothea von Thumbschirn. His sister, Johanna Sophie von Metzsch, married Kaspar Otto von Knoblauch. His father was created
Baron in 1699, Count, District Administrator, and Sub-Director of the
Principality of Anhalt in 1703. His paternal grandparents were Joachim von Metsch and Hyppolita Brandt von Lindau. His maternal grandparents were Wilhelm Abraham von Thumbschirn and Dorothea
Vitzthum von Eckstedt. He studied law in
Leipzig and then entered the service of the Emperor, first in
Ansbach. ==Career==