John Helou was born in the village of
Ghosta, in the
Keserwan District,
Lebanon. He was known in Europe as
John Dolce, because
Dolce is the Latin translation of his surname. John Helou was consecrated
titular bishop of
Acre on August 6, 1786, by Patriarch
Joseph Estephan, and he remained near the Patriarch as
auxiliary bishop. Patriarch
Joseph Tyan communicated his resignation to the Maronite bishops on September 24, 1808, which was accepted by the Holy See on November 19 of the same year, and consequently Aloisio Gandolfi, who was appointed
Apostolic visitor in the Maronite Patriarchate since 1807, summoned a meeting of all the bishops in
Harissa. A short time later, on June 8, 1809, John Helou was elected Patriarch. The formal approval of
Pope Pius VII didn't arrive until 19 December 1814, because Pope Pius VII was actually kept in confinement from 1809 till May 1814 by
Napoleon. After the turbulent years in which the previous Patriarch Joseph Tyan supported
Napoleon in the
Siege of Acre (1799) and came in conflict with the
emir Bashir II, Patriarch John Helou chose a low and neutral course of action, and from 1811 he retreated in the Qannubin Monastery, the ancient and abandoned patriarchal residence, located in the deep gorge of
Kadisha Valley, which he restored. John Helou converted the former monasteries of Saint Maron of Kfarhaye (
Batroun District) and of Saint Maron of
Roumieh into
seminaries and colleges. Pius VII then commanded the patriarch to convene a synod, to resolve these outstanding issues. With this intent he summoned a
synod in the church of Our Lady of Louiaze in
Zouk Mosbeh, near Harissa, which was held on April 13 and 14, 1818. The acts of the synod were subjected to Propaganda Fide for its approval. This synod made some changes with the decree Cum for litteras of 15 March 1819; the document was finally approved by Pius VII with the
papal brief Quod de constants of May 25, 1819, but they were implemented only by Helou's successor, Patriarch
Joseph Peter Hobaish. John Helou died on May 12, 1823, in the Monastery of Qannubin. ==See also==