Television Ahsan first appeared on television in an ad for Coca-Cola in 1997. She debuted her acting career on television through the drama
Panchomi, written by Shahidul Haque Khan.
Film Ahsan debuted her film career as a guest artiste in the film
Bachelor (2004), directed by
Mostofa Sarwar Farooki. As the lead actress, she debuted in
Nasiruddin Yousuff's film
Guerrilla (2011). Adapted from the novel
Nishiddho Loban by
Syed Shamsul Huq, the film was based on the events of the
Bangladesh Liberation War. It narrates the tale of Bilkis Banu, played by Ahsan, a freedom fighter, who actively participates in the Liberation War while searching for her lost husband. The film won
National Film Awards in ten categories, including the Best Actress Award for Ahsan. Ahsan's second film,
Chorabali (2012), was an action thriller directed by
Redoan Rony. She portrayed Noboni Afroz, a journalist, and won her second National Film Award for Best Actress Award. In 2013, Ahsan acted in an Indian Bangla film titled
Aborto, directed by
Arindam Sil. She was nominated for the
Filmfare Awards East for Best Debut Performance Female for her role in the film. She also received an official invitation to attend the
66th Cannes Film Festival. In the same year, she appeared in
Purno Doirgho Prem Kahini, a Bangladeshi romantic film directed by
Shafi Uddin Shafi. It was her first Bangladeshi film in collaboration with
Shakib Khan. They both starred in its sequel,
Purno Doirgho Prem Kahini 2, released in 2015. After a one-year break
Zero Degree was her next venture. The film is a psychological thriller written and directed by
Animesh Aich and was released on 15 January 2015. Ahsan won a National Film Award for best actress for her performance in the film. In 2015, Ahsan worked in two other Indian Bangla films —
Rajkahini based on the 1947 east and west Bengal separation directed by
Srijit Mukherji and
Ekti Bangali Bhuter Goppo, a psycho-horror film directed by Indranil Roychowdhury.
Ekti Bangali Bhuter Golpo was set for a world TV premier in Kolkata on 17 May in Zee Bangla Cinema. Jaya's much anticipated
Rajkahini starring alongside
Rituparna Sengupta,
Abir Chatterjee,
Parno Mittra,
Sohini Sarkar,
Rajatava Dutta and many others was released on 16 October 2015. In 2017, Ahsan acted in
Bishorjan alongside Abir Chatterjee and
Kaushik Ganguly directed by Kaushik Ganguly himself, for which she received awards including
Filmfare Awards (first Bangladeshi to win so),
Zee Cine Awards and
BFJA Awards for her performance portraying the character of Padma. In the same year, Jaya was honoured with the
ABP Ananda Sera Bangali for achievement in acting. Her other two releases that year are Akram Khan's
Khacha: The Cage and Manoj Michigan's
Ami Joy Chatterjee. In 2018, Ahsan performed in a courtroom drama
Ek Je Chhilo Raja based on the historic
Bhawal case directed by Srijit Mukjerji in a star cast including
Jisshu Sengupta,
Aparna Sen,
Anjan Dutt,
Rudranil Ghosh and others. She was also seen in
Crisscross alongside
Mimi Chakraborty and
Nusrat Jahan, directed by
Birsa Dasgupta.
Debi, a film based on
Humayun Ahmed's novel, was released on 19 October 2018. It is directed by
Anam Biswas, starring
Chanchal Chowdhury, Ahsan and
Sabnam Faria in the lead roles. The film was produced by Ahsan, as her first production from her production house
C Te Cinema. She received her fourth National Film Award for Best Actress and her seventh
Meril Prothom Alo Award for Best Film Actress (Critics Choice) for her performance in this film. In 2019, her first release was Kaushik Ganguly's
Bijoya, sequel to
Bishorjan for which she won the Tele Cine Awards for Best Actress and Best Jodi alongside her co-star Abir Chatterjee. Then she was seen in Arnab Paul's debut
Brishty Tomakey Dilam, a psychological thriller based on split personality disorder. She received the 'Dashobhuja Bangali 2019' award from the
St. Xavier's College Calcutta Alumni Association. Next she did
Konttho which released on 10 May directed by
Nandita Roy and
Shiboprosad Mukherjee starring Shiboprosad Mukherjee himself,
Paoli Dam where Jaya plays the role of a speech therapist. After that she teamed up with
Atanu Ghosh for his movie
Bini Sutoy alongside
Ritwick Chakraborty. Jaya again worked with Atanu Ghosh next film titled
Robibar starring with
Prosenjit Chatterjee for the first time. She has finished
Soukarya Ghosal's fantasy horror
Bhootpori and is shooting for Kaushik Ganguly's next titled
Ardhangini starring alongside
Churni Ganguly. She wrapped up filming
Alatchakra, the first 3D Bengali movie directed by Habibur Rahman based on the novel by
Ahmed Sofa. She then worked with
Piplu Khan on his first feature film
Jaya Aar Sharmin based on the current pandemic. In December 2023, Ahsan made her
Bollywood debut in
Kadak Singh, a thriller film by
Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury released on
Zee5.
Hindustan Times regarded her performance in the film as "Outstanding on OTT: Breakout Performance". ==Playback==