Judson's athletic programs have experienced state championship success in several sports amassing 10 state championships (6 in football, 3 in track and field, and 1 in basketball).
Football The Judson Rocket football program emerged as a perennial power in the 1977 season. Judson won its first state championship in 1983. The football stadium is named after Coach Rutledge in his honor. After the 2000 season, the team went to the state playoffs in nine of eleven seasons making three championship game appearances and winning one state championship. Mark Smith, formerly of Kerrville Tivy High School where he coached Heisman Trophy winner
Johnny Manziel, assumed head coaching duties at Judson from 2012 through 2013. Sean McAuliffe, an alumnus of Judson High School and its football program, became the head coach starting with the 2014 season. Judson offensive coordinator Rodney Williams became head coach in May 2019. In his first season Williams led the Rockets to a regular season record of 9–1, but the team lost to Lake Travis 48–35 in the Region 4 Final, finishing the season at 12–2. Judson has made it to the playoffs 42 times over 59 total seasons, advanced to the state semifinal level 18 times, reached the state title game 11 times, and won the state championship six times. Judson holds the all-time Texas state record with 49 consecutive winning seasons from 1977 through 2025. The team last finished with a losing record in 1976 and is a combined 462–106–5 during the streak. The previous record for consecutive winning seasons was 36 set by
Plano Senior High School. During the current streak, Judson has won over 80 percent of its games, and the worst record in 44 years is 7–5 with a worst regular season record of 6–4 (happened 4 times). Judson's season records during the streak from 1977 to 2022 are below.
Basketball The Judson Rocket boys basketball program has been a perennial contender under coach Michael Wacker. Judson has been to the UIL state tournament three times: 1992–1993, 2000–2001, and 2013–2014. In all three instances, Judson lost to the eventual state champion. The Rockets finished the 2014 season with a record of 37–2, the best record in Judson boys basketball history. Under coach Triva Corrales, the Judson Rocket girls basketball program has been to the UIL state tournament four times (2017–2020) losing to the eventual state champion in 2017, 2018, and 2020. Judson beat Desoto in 2019 to claim its first state title in girls basketball.
Softball The Judson Rocket girls softball program has emerged as a very competitive program under coach Theresa Urbanovsky. Judson made its first UIL state tournament in 2021. The Rockets finished the 2021 season with a record of 35–3, the best record in Judson girls softball history.
Track and Field Judson track and field programs have experienced significant success having won 3 state titles. The boys team won the 2013 Texas 5A state track meet, and the girls team won consecutive Texas 5A/6A state championships in 2014 and 2015.
Wrestling The wrestling program has recent individual state titles in the 140 lbs. weight class through Aaron Walker (2010–5th, 2011–1st, 2012–1st). ==Notable alumni==