After earning her doctorate Chalkidou joined
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (
NICE) as Associate Director of Research. In this capacity, she evaluated novel healthcare technologies and reviewed the social value judgements of the
NICE committees. She held an honorary position at the
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, where she studied applications of
pharmacoeconomics in
Japan. As part of her fellowship, Chalkidou studied how to translate evidence into a research agenda. On her return to the
United Kingdom Chalkidou helped to set up
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) International. Here she established the
International Decision Support Initiative (IDSI), a network of policy makers, researchers and development experts which was largely funded by the
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Chalkidou moved to
Imperial College London in 2016. In 2018
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation awarded Chalkidou and IDSI a $14.5 million grant to expand healthcare access in the developing world. IDSI works with governments in the developing world to support their health policy, looking to achieve value-for-money in the medical decision making. She supported
Tanzania in their prioritisation list of essential medicines, which freed up essential resources for more effective treatments. Chalkidou was Director of Global Health Policy and Senior Fellow at the
Center for Global Development. From 2019, she was a research lead at the
Jameel Institute (J-IDEA) at Imperial. She was appointed to the Board of Directors at the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) in 2020. She is currently the Head of Health Finance at
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. == Select publications ==