Kildwick

Etymology The first known documentation of Kildwick's name is as Childeuuic in the Domesday Book that was written in Latin wherein digraph ch is pronounced /kʰ/ not /tʃ/ hence its pronunciation was the same as it is now. • Kild. In Old Danish kilde means a large smooth body of water. Kelda has its roots in 'the Proto-Germanic language kiltham, a vessel. Kild describes the floodplain of the River Aire when flooded. It was more extensive until farmers reclaimed land. • Wick, in Proto-Indo-European etymology means clan, cf. Sanskrit vit settlement, village. However, the Proto-Germanic language used within the Danelaw had developed the meaning of wīc or vik into trading place, for example Jórvík (York), Berwick, and Keswick, Cumbria. • It had been previously proposed that Kild meant child, from kilþei womb in Gothic; and Wick meaning dairy farm however, those meanings were used only in Old English in the south of England whereas Kildwick's name is in Old Norse; just as all other places nearby were renamed by the conquering Vikings. Property The Domesday Book of 1086 has the first record of Kildwick in writing. It lists the Lord of the Childeuuic manor as Arnkeld with about 240 acres (100 hectares) of ploughland and an Anglo Saxon church. However, William the Conqueror shortly deposed all the Angle-Dane lords and rewarded his great Norman warriors. Ruling over-all in Craven was Robert de Romille. In 1120 Robert's heir Cecilia de Romille, Lady of Skipton, founded an Augustine priory at Embsay near Skipton and endowed it with the manor/estate of Kildwick. In 1153 the proprietors of Kildwick moved their priory to Bolton Abbey. From 1305 to 1313, Bolton Priory paid for the bridge over the River Aire to be built in stone. They also built Kildwick Grange as a local residence. Population • 1379 Poll Tax recorded Kildwick township as having only 10 households, all paying the minimum tax. • 1672 Hearth Tax counted 25 households in the township with mostly but one fireplace, but also the 14-hearthed manor house. • 1821 parish registered 8,605 inhabitants. • 1831 parish was 9,926 however township only 190. • 1881 the parish had been divided so district down to 8,923. • 1891 district up to 9,859 but township down to 145. However, in 1318 the church building was badly damaged by Scottish raiders. In 1539 Henry VIII dissolved the monastery and granted the church to Christ Church, Oxford. In the reign of Henry VIII under the patronage of Christ Church the church was almost entirely rebuilt. Changes have taken place since then, including extension of the chancel and a further restoration of the nave in 1901–03 by the successors in the Lancaster practice, Austin and Paley. Charlotte Brontë and other members of the Brontë family were acquainted with the church. Kildwick Parish Ancient Kildwick Parish was unusually large for it included the townships of Kildwick, Bradley Both, Cononley, Cowling, Holden, Eastburn, Farnhill, Glusburn, Ikornshaw, Silsden, Steeton, Sutton and Stirton and Thorlby. And the national Hearth tax of 1672 records “George Ellmott for the Freeschoole, 2 hearths” untaxed in Kildwick. In 2012 the School is adjacent to the parish church on Priest Bank Road and is known as Kildwick Church of England Voluntary Controlled Primary School. It caters for girls and boys age range 4 to 11; maximum number of pupils per grade 17. ==Transport==

Road Kildwick is a landmark in Craven being the point at which the main road from Keighley to Skipton crosses the River Aire. Kildwick is made a natural crossing place by the spur of land from Crosshills that dramatically narrows a wide valley prone to flooding. This spur is a first river terrace deposit of silt and sand with gravel lenses. It was later enlarged downstream by about 60 acres (25ha) of made ground. File:Kildwick Bridge 14th century side.jpg|Kildwick Bridge west side built 1305–13 with ribbed vaulting File:Kildwick Bridge over River Aire - geograph.org.uk - 65005.jpg|Kildwick Bridge east side built 1780 File:Kildwick Bridge January 2008. - geograph.org.uk - 666890.jpg|Below the bridge after days of heavy rain File:Overflowing Aire - geograph.org.uk - 291786.jpg|The River Aire flooding above the bridge From 1305 to 1313 Bolton Abbey paid for "Aire-brigg" to be built in stone however wooden bridges had existed there many centuries before that. The bridge at Kildwick is the first stone bridge recorded in Craven and the oldest bridge in Airedale and has been designated a Grade I building. The Keighley and Kendal Turnpike Trust operated from 1752 to 1878. It was promoted mostly by textile manufacturers of Settle on the grounds that transportation costs would be greatly reduced by using wagons on good roads instead of packhorses. need half the number of horses required for carrying packs. It was built to a standard width of 7 yards of which 5 were metalled. In 1780 the bridge was widened for the Turnpike and is structurally two bridges standing side‐by‐side. The upstream side with ribbed vaulting and two pointed arches is the 14th-century original. The downstream side has only plain round arches. In 1823 the Blackburn Addingham road opened. Six stagecoaches a day passed through the area. However the Keighley and Kendal Turnpike proved to be a commercial failure and ceased, in debt, in 1878. The roads passed into the care of the County Council. By 1968 the traffic volume found the bridge and village to be such a bottleneck that it necessitated a bypass re built, the A629, completed in 1988. Canal Kildwick village is so close to the canal that they touch. In 1773 the Bingley to Skipton section was the first section of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal to be completed. By 1781 the canal joined Leeds to Gargrave, and in 1816 completed the link to Liverpool. It was of benefit for transport of supplies and goods from the textile mills that stood on the other side of the river. File:Leeds and Liverpool Canal at Kildwick.jpg|The Leeds and Liverpool Canal at Kildwick File:Entering Kildwick - geograph.org.uk - 842316.jpg|Houses by the canal File:Leeds and Liverpool Canal at Kildwick. - geograph.org.uk - 201380.jpg|Road going beneath the canal Leeds and Liverpool Canal at Kildwick - geograph.org.uk - 1315793.jpg|Canal footbridge to Farnhill Rail In 1847 the Leeds and Bradford Extension Railway opened its Shipley to Skipton section through Kildwick and Crosshills railway station. Kildwick was thus served by rail until the station was closed in 1965. Steeton is the nearest railway station. ==Main sights==

File:The White Lion - geograph.org.uk - 847880.jpg|The war memorial and the White Lion pub File:Kildwick Hall - geograph.org.uk - 236379.jpg|Kildwick Hall Footpath fingerpost, Jackson's Lane - geograph.org.uk - 473351.jpg|The start of the Kildwick Moor footpaths ==Notable people==

• Stephen Barrett (1718–1801), teacher of classics, was born at Bent, in the parish of Kildwick. • Katie Griffiths (born 1989), actress, grew up in Kildwick. • Henry Mosley (1852–1933), first-class cricketer, was born in Kildwick. • Clare Teal (1973–), English jazz singer, was born in Kildwick. • John Webster (alias Johannes Hyphastes) (1610–1682), clergyman and physician, became curate at Kildwick in 1634. ==See also==