Knee pain

Injuries Some common injuries based on the location include: • Sprain (Ligament sprain) • Medial collateral ligament • Lateral collateral ligament • Anterior cruciate ligament • Posterior cruciate ligament • Tear of meniscus Fractures • Femoral fracture • Tibial fracture • Patella fracture • Larsen-Johansson disease • Tumors • Ankylosing spondylitis • Septic arthritis (Pyogenic arthritis) • Gout (Gouty arthritis) • Neuroma • Joint hypermobility syndrome Dislocations • Patella dislocation • Knee joint dislocation (Tibiofemoral joint dislocation) Cold temperature Knee pain is more common among people working in the cold than in those in normal temperature. Frank arthritis has been reported in children due to frostbite from extreme cold causing direct chondrocyte injury. There is also a hereditary disease, familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS), which often features knee pain, in addition to hives, fever and pain in other joints, following general exposure to cold. Knee pain due to less physical movement A lower level of physical activity and a work environment where one is required to sit in a chair during the work day is one reason for developing knee joint pain, as the lower degree of physical movement tends to weaken the knee muscles. Blood vessels also can be affected, leading to development of painful conditions. Working on building strength through a full range of motion is crucial for rebuilding strength and getting rid of knee pain. As age progresses the movement of the knee joint involves higher friction with adjacent tissue and cartilages. Other causes • Ligamentous laxity • Fat pad impingement • Knee effusion • Deep vein thrombosis • Peripheral vascular disease • Exostosis • Obesity = A systematic review and meta-analysis found that approximately 25% of new-onset knee pain cases were attributable to overweight Referred knee pain Referred pain is that pain perceived at a site different from its point of origin but innervated by the same spinal segment. Sometimes knee pain may be related to another area from body. For example, knee pain can come from ankle, foot, hip joints or lumbar spine. == Diagnosis ==

Knee MRIs should be avoided for knee pain without symptoms or effusion, unless there are non-successful results from a functional rehabilitation program. In some diagnosis, such as in knee osteoarthritis, magnetic resonance imaging does not prove to be clear for its determination. == Management ==

Although surgery has a role in repairing traumatic injuries and broken bones, arthroscopic surgeries do not provide significant or lasting improvements to either pain or function to people with knee pain, and therefore should almost never be performed. Knee pain is pain caused by wear and tear, such as osteoarthritis or a meniscal tear. Effective treatments for knee pain include physical therapy exercises, pain-reducing drugs such as ibuprofen, joint stretching, knee replacement surgery, and weight loss in people who are overweight. Current evidence suggests that psychological factors are elevated in individuals with patellofemoral pain. Non-physical factors such as anxiety, depression, fear of movement, and catastrophizing are thought to have a linear correlation with increased pain experience and decreased physical function. The psychosocial factors may have either a positive or negative impact on adherence to rehabilitation programs for managing knee pain. ==Epidemiology==

About 25% of people over the age of 50 experience knee pain from degenerative knee diseases. == Society and culture ==

In the United States, more than US$3 billion is spent each year on arthroscopic knee surgeries that are known to be ineffective in people with degenerative knee pain. == References ==