body with Digital Storage Unit, released in May, 1991. In 1974,
Peter L. P. Dillon at Kodak Research Labs invented color image sensors, initially using a
Fairchild 100 x 100 pixel CCD sensor. In 1975,
Steven Sasson developed Kodak's first prototype digital still camera, which used the same Fairchild 100 x 100
pixel CCD. By 1986 Kodak had developed a sensor with 1.4 million pixels. It was used in what is believed to be the world's first Digital Single-Lens Reflex (D-SLR) camera, known as the Electro-Optic Camera, which was designed and constructed by Eastman Kodak Company under a U.S. Government contract in 1987 and 1988. A number of other improvements were made to increase image quality and usability, including improvements in sensor technology, the first
raw image format known as DCR (Digital Camera Raw), and host software to process the DCR images. The original Kodak DCS was launched in 1991, and is based on a stock
Nikon F3 SLR film camera with a CCD image sensor mounted in the film gate. It uses a 1.3-megapixel Kodak KAF-1300 sensor, and a separate shoulder-mounted processing and storage unit. The DCS 200 series, introduced in 1992, condenses the storage unit into a module which is mounted onto the base and back of a stock Nikon 8008 SLR film camera. It was the first digital camera to use the
Bayer color filter pattern. The module contains a built-in 80 megabyte hard drive and is powered with AA batteries. It was followed by the upgraded DCS 400 series of 1994, which replaces the hard drive with a
PCMCIA card slot. The DCS 400 series includes the 1.5-megapixel DCS 420, and the 6-megapixel Kodak DCS 460, which retailed for $28,000 on launch. In common with Kodak's later 6-megapixel models, the DCS 460 used the award-winning
APS-H Kodak M6 sensor. A modified version of the DCS 420 was also sold by the
Associated Press as the Associated Press NC2000. In parallel with the DCS 400 series Kodak also sold the analogous Kodak EOS DCS range, which was based on the
Canon EOS-1N SLR. With the exception of the original DCS 100, these early models do not include LCD preview screens. Kodak's subsequent models integrate the digital module with the camera body more thoroughly, and include LCD preview screens and removable batteries. The DCS 500 series of 1998 is also based on the Canon EOS-1N, and comprises the 2-megapixel DCS 520 and the 6-megapixel DCS 560, which initially had a suggested retail price of $28,500. These models were also sold by Canon, as the Canon D2000 and D6000 respectively, and were the first digital SLRs sold under the
Canon name. Kodak used the same electronics package for the DCS 600 series, which is based on the
Nikon F5. The DCS 600 range includes the Kodak DCS 620x, a high-sensitivity model with an upgraded
indium tin oxide sensor and a cyan-magenta-yellow
Bayer filter, which has a then-unique top
ISO setting of ISO 6400. Kodak concluded the initial DCS range with the DCS 700 series, which comprises the 2-megapixel DCS 720x, the 6-megapixel DCS 760, and the 6-megapixel DCS 760m, which has a monochrome sensor. By the time of launch, Kodak faced competition from the popular
Nikon D1 and Nikon D1x, which were physically smaller and cheaper. The DCS 760's initial list price was $8,000. Kodak final generation of DCS cameras was launched with the Kodak DCS Pro 14n, a 14-megapixel
full-frame digital SLR, in 2002, and continued with the upgraded DCS PRO SLR/n in 2004. These two cameras are based on a Nikon F80 body, and are considerably more compact than previous Kodaks. They use sensors designed by Belgian imaging company FillFactory. The DCS PRO SLR/n was also accompanied by the Canon-compatible DCS PRO SLR/c, which is based on a Sigma SA9 SLR. Kodak discontinued the SLR/n and SLR/c in May 2005, to concentrate on compact digital cameras and high-end medium format
digital backs for
Leaf, among others. Kodak continued to design and manufacture CCD image sensors, including the full-frame 18-megapixel KAF-18500, which is used in the
Leica M9 digital rangefinder, until its image sensor division was sold to Platinum Equity in 2012. This image sensor company operated under the name Truesense and was later acquired by ON Semiconductor in 2014. On Semiconductor began closing the former Kodak CCD manufacturing facility in 2019. ==Models==