Balakrishnan entered politics through the student wing of the CPI(M) in 1970. He was Secretary of the Kerala State Committee of the
Students' Federation of India (SFI) and its All India Joint Secretary between 1973 and 1979. During the time of
the emergency, Kodiyeri Balakrishnan was imprisoned under
MISA for 16 months. From 1980 to 1982, he was the
Kannur District President of
Democratic Youth Federation of India (DYFI). He was a
CPI (M) Politburo member and was CPI (M) Parliamentary Party deputy leader. He was elected as an
MLA to
Kerala Legislative Assembly in 1982, 1987, 2001, 2006 and 2011 from
Thalassery. He was re-elected for a second term as a State Secretary in 2018 and for a third term in March 2022. On 28 August 2022, he stepped down from the position due to failing health and was succeeded by
M. V. Govindan.
As minister Kodiyeri Balakrishnan served as the
Home Minister of
Government of Kerala from 2006 to 2011 and is widely regarded for key initiatives in strengthening policing, modernisation, and
community policing. The Janamaithri Suraksha Project, launched during his tenure, marked a milestone in community policing and people friendly policing in Kerala. ==Personal life and death==