In 2002, Watanabe ran for the mayor of Iwamizawa and won. He had served the office until 2012. In the
2014 general election, Watanabe won a seat in the PR. In the
2017 general election, Watanabe won a seat in the PR. In September 2019, Watanabe was appointed to the Parliamentary Secretary for Defense and the Parliamentary Vice-Minister of Cabinet Office in the
Fourth Abe second reshuffled cabinet. In October 2021, Watanabe was appointed to the Parliamentary Vice-Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications in the
First Kishida cabinet. In the
2021 general election, Watanabe won a seat in the PR. After the election, he was re-appointed to the Parliamentary Vice-Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications in the
Second Kishida cabinet. In September 2023, Watanabe was appointed to the State Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications in the
Second Kishida second reshuffled cabinet. In the
2024 LDP presidential election, Watanabe endorsed
Yoshimasa Hayashi as a recommender. In the
2024 general election, Watanabe lost re-election because he was placed low on the party list. On 3 May 2025, Watanabe applied for the open recruitment of the head of the LDP's Hokkaido 10th branch and tried to run in Hokkaido 10th. After the Komeito left the coalition, the LDP nominated Watanabe as a Hokkaido 10th candidate. In the
2026 general election, Watanabe lost to
CRA's
Hiroshi Kamiya only by 21 votes and won a seat in the PR. == Scandal ==