in ''L'Endehors
(26 March 1892), at the beginning of the Ère des attentats.The first journal l'Endehors
was founded by Zo d’Axa, an anarchist writer, on 5 May 1891. Its members were closely linked with the ones who had published in La Révolution cosmopolite a few years earlier. Its exact title was l’Endehors
, with a lowercase l'' and written as one word, as confirmed by the epigraph printed at the beginning of each issue:The one whom nothing enrolls and whom an impulsive nature alone guides — that passionate and complex being, that outlaw, that outsider to schools, that solitary seeker of the beyond — is he not captured in this word:
l’Endehors (ie 'the Outside' or 'the Outsider')?At the beginning of the
Ère des attentats, the periodical was one of the most influential anarchist newspapers in France. It took a more radical line than
Jean Grave and
Peter Kropotkin’s
Le Révolté—supporting the strategy of
propaganda by the deed more fully than that rival. It responded to the first attacks with irony and mockery, for example in
Charles Malato’s article
The fear whereas
Le Révolté remained rather reserved, and
Le Père Peinard, the other major anarchist paper of the period in France, nearly entirely written by
Émile Pouget, was in turn fully supportive of those methods.
L’Endehors thus occupied a middle ground between
La Révolte and
Le Père Peinard. These more radical perspectives boosted the paper's sales, and, like
Le Père Peinard, it became more widely read than
Le Révolté, which was overtaken by its political moderation and read less by the base of anarchist militants. Richard Sonn described
L’Endehors as the literary wing of the French anarchist press of the period, while
Le Père Peinard belonged rather to the social wing and
Le Révolté to the theoretical wing. When
Ravachol was arrested,
Zo d'Axa proposed his help to the family and was also arrested. The paper was targeted by the
Trial of the Thirty, a
show trial of
anarchists in France in 1894. The full list of contributors was provided by the anarchist historian
René Bianco, a specialist in anarchist press from the period. The complete list of individuals known to have contributed to the journal is as follows:
Paul Adam, Jean Ajalbert, Victor Barrucand, Baruch, Tristan Bernard, Boutin, Georges Brandal, Jules Braut, Ch. de Brhay, Brodjaga, Arthur Byl, O. Carrie, Paul Chabard, Louis Chalan, Charles Chatel, Henri Cholin, Jules Christophe, A. Cohen, Edmond Cousturier,
Georges Darien, Étienne de Crept, Georges Deherme,
Lucien Descaves, Gaston Dubois, Édouard Dubus,
Sébastien Faure,
Félix Fénéon, Henri Fevre, Eugène Gaillard,
Georges Lecomte,
René Ghil, Paul Gravelin,
Émile Henry, A. Ferdinand Herold, Paul, Armand Hirsch,
Marie Huot, Abbé Jouet,
Bernard Lazare, Julien Leclercq, M. J. Le Oq, Paul Macon,
Errico Malatesta,
Charles Malato, Ludovic Malquin, Marie Malthuriel, Jean Manescau, Camille Marchand, Louis Matha,
Gustave Mathieu,
Camille Mauclair, Victor Meintore, Alexandre Mercier,
Jules Méry,
Louise Michel,
Octave Mirbeau, Jean Mortsauf,
Lucien Muhlfeld, Mathias Night, Théo Praxis,
Pierre Quillard,
Henri de Régnier, P. N. Roinard,
Saint-Pol-Roux, Charles Saunier, Jan Steen,
Théophile Steinlen, Joachim Stwot, Adolphe Tabarant,
Pierre Veber, André Veidaux,
Émile Verhaeren,
Francis Vielé-Griffin,
Michel Zévaco,
Zo d’Axa. == ''l'en dehors (1922-1939)'' ==