1970–1971: Pre-formation Neu! was formed in 1971 in
Düsseldorf as an offshoot from an early line-up of another seminal krautrock band,
Kraftwerk, whose early works were also produced by
Conny Plank. The band's
eponymous first album showcased a cover inspired by
Andy Warhol's
pop art and sold just 30,000 records. Klaus Dinger made use of the
Motorik beat which had been pioneered by him and drummer
Jaki Liebezeit. Their second album,
Neu! 2, features some of the earliest examples of musical
remixes. The duo, excited about recording another album, decided to expand their horizons by purchasing several new instruments. With the money they had left as an advance from the record company, they could record only half an album's worth of material. The company would not increase their advance because the first album did not sell well enough and the label did not see a reason to further finance what was most likely to become a flop. To rectify the lack of material, the band filled the second side with manipulated versions of their already-released single "Neuschnee"/"Super", playing back each song at different speeds and sometimes warbling the music by messing with the tape machine or placing the record off center on the turntable. The songs "Super 16" and "Super 78" (slowed down and sped up versions of the song "Super," respectively) unwittingly became the theme songs to the 1976 martial arts cult classic
Master of the Flying Guillotine by
Jimmy Wang Yu. This film was later referenced by
Quentin Tarantino in
Kill Bill Volume 1 by also featuring the track "Super 16". Dinger and Rother both differed in creative directions which led to their final album of the 1970s, ''
Neu! '75''. Side One was Rother's more ambient productions which were similar to the first album, albeit more keyboard-driven while Side Two was Dinger's songs. To aid with performing on the album (and more importantly, live), Hans Lampe and brother Thomas Dinger were enlisted to help execute more music than was possible by two men. Upon its release, and arguably to this day, ''Neu! '75
is the most diverse record available from the krautrock scene. While this can be seen as a positive point, the differences in musical direction (as well as personal issues) not only isolated the Dinger/Rother duo, it isolated their already small fan base. Neu! broke up after the release of Neu! '75''.
1975–1986: Band inactivity and reunion In 1974, Rother had already collaborated with German electronic duo
Cluster, recording as
Harmonia an album titled
Musik Von Harmonia. In 1975, he recorded a second Harmonia album,
Deluxe, and further sessions followed with Brian Eno, which were not released until 1997 as
Tracks and Traces. In 1977, Rother started recording as a solo artist. His first three albums;
Flammende Herzen (1977),
Sterntaler (1978), and
Katzenmusik (1979) were recorded with Neu! producer Conny Plank. Klaus Dinger, his brother Thomas and Hans Lampe formed
La Düsseldorf, cited by David Bowie as "the soundtrack of the eighties". The band released three successful albums;
La Düsseldorf (1976),
Viva (1978) and
Individuellos (1981). Between October 1985 and April 1986, Dinger and Rother tried to rekindle the flame that was Neu! by adding more synthesizers and a slightly more commercial aspect to some compositions, the band sounded like a cross between their old selves and the recent new wave groups. However, they were torn apart again by personal and musical issues. An example of the sharp contrast between Dinger and Rother was evidenced by such tracks as "Crazy", Rother's attempt at pop, and "'86 Commercial Trash", a Dingerian collage of dialogue and sound effects from Germany's television commercials of that year. The work that took place in these sessions would later resurface as
Neu! 4 in late 1995.
1987–2009: Acrimony, CD reissues, Dinger's death Dinger and Rother did not work together during the 1990s. Indeed, there was some degree of bitterness existed between them, not least because Dinger had released a couple of old substandard Neu! recordings on the Japanese
Captain Trip label without Rother's knowledge or consent. In late 1995, this label released the previously mentioned
Neu! 4 recordings from the 1985–1986 sessions. It also released ''
Neu! '72 Live in Düsseldorf'' (recorded on 6 May 1972), which comprised poorly recorded rehearsals for some abortive live shows, but notable for the inclusion of Eberhard Kranemann, who had briefly been in Kraftwerk with Dinger. A 1999 tribute album, entitled
A Homage to Neu! (
Cleopatra Records), features covers from artists including the
Legendary Pink Dots,
Download,
Autechre,
Dead Voices on Air,
Khan,
System 7, and
James Plotkin, as well as an original track from Rother entitled "Neutronics 98 (A Tribute to Conny Plank)". Plank had died in 1987. For many years the acrimony and legal wrangling between Rother and Dinger prevented their reaching agreement over licensing arrangements to make Neu!'s music available on CD. In the ensuing vacuum, illegal and inferior-quality bootleg CDs (
mastered from old vinyl records) were distributed by an outfit called Germanofon. This situation was finally resolved in 2001, when Rother and Dinger put aside their differences and entered a studio to transfer the three Neu! albums to CD, from the original master tapes (reportedly mastering each album three times). These were produced and released by
Grönland Records (licensed to the
Astralwerks label in the United States), packaged with stickers featuring rave reviews by notable artists, including
Thom Yorke of
Radiohead. Following the release of the first three albums, Dinger and Rother tried but failed to agree on a legal release of
Neu! 4. Rother called the failure of those negotiations "unfortunate". Rother has said that he and Dinger had been considering recording a fifth Neu! album, but the idea was aborted after personal disagreements resurfaced between them. Dinger died of heart failure on 21 March 2008. Rother said that he was unaware of Dinger's illness until just before he died. Rother writes and produces solo albums. Before his death, Dinger was a member of the band
La! Neu? (whose name also irritated Rother), as well as collaborating with Miki Yui and band sub-tle. in a project that is unreleased to this date.
2009–present: Brand Neu!, ''Neu! '86'', Hallogallo 2010 On 25 May 2009, the new record label Feraltone released a compilation CD called
Brand Neu! containing tracks by many modern artists who credit Neu! as an influence. Most notably, it featured a track from Michael Rother from the previous Neu! homage album (
A Homage to Neu!) and a new track by La Duesseldorf.de, one of Klaus Dinger's final recordings before he died. The compilation features both new and established artists from all around the world including
Oasis,
Primal Scream,
Kasabian,
School of Seven Bells,
Ciccone Youth (Sonic Youth),
Holy Fuck and the young band Pets With Pets from Australia. This was to outline the enormous influence of Neu! which spans multiple decades and countries. The rights to the Neu! back catalogue are jointly owned by Rother, Dinger's estate and Plank's widow, Christa Fast. Rother worked with them to produce a box set that included all of Neu!'s recordings including material that appeared on the
Neu! 4 album (now officially released as ''
Neu! '86). Neu! Vinyl Box was released in May 2010 and Neu! '86'' followed as a standalone release later that year. The box set included some of the 'live' recordings from 1972 on a maxi single. In 2010 Rother teamed up with Steve Shelley (of
Sonic Youth) and Aaron Mullan (of
Tall Firs) for Hallogallo 2010, a live project to present Neu! music and some new pieces. He has since toured sporadically with the German trio Camera, performing the work of Neu!, Harmonia and his own solo music, occasionally with
Dieter Möbius of Cluster. Since 2014 he has toured with Hans Lampe and former Camera guitarist Franz Bargmann. To celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Neu! debut album, Rother played two concerts, Michael Rother & Friends: Celebrate 50 years NEU!. The first in Berlin, on 26 October 2022, and a second concert in London on 3 November 2022. ==Musical style==