Upper-case letter Λ Examples of the symbolic use of uppercase lambda include: • The
lambda particle is a type of
subatomic particle in
subatomic particle physics. • Lambda is the set of logical axioms in the
axiomatic method of logical deduction in
first-order logic. • Uppercase Lambda is often used as a stylized form of uppercase
A, especially in science fiction. • There is a poetical allusion to the use of Lambda as a
shield blazon by the
Spartans. • Lambda is the
von Mangoldt function in mathematical
number theory. • Lambda denotes the
de Bruijn–Newman constant which is closely connected with
Riemann's hypothesis. • In
statistics, lambda is used for the
likelihood ratio. • In statistics,
Wilks's lambda is used in multivariate analysis of variance (
MANOVA analysis) to compare group means on a combination of dependent variables. • In the
spectral decomposition of matrices, lambda indicates the
diagonal matrix of the
eigenvalues of the
matrix. • In
computer science, lambda is the time window over which a process is observed for determining the working memory set for a
digital computer's
virtual memory management. • In
astrophysics, lambda represents the likelihood that a small body will encounter a
planet or a
dwarf planet leading to a deflection of a significant magnitude. An object with a large value of lambda is expected to have
cleared its neighbourhood, satisfying the current
definition of a planet. • In
crystal optics, lambda is used to represent a lattice period. • In
electrochemistry, lambda denotes the "equivalent
conductance" of an
electrolyte solution. • In
cosmology, lambda is the symbol for the
cosmological constant, a term added to some dynamical equations to account for the
accelerating expansion of the universe. • In optics, lambda denotes the grating pitch of a
Bragg reflector. • In
politics, the lambda is the symbol of
Identitarianism, a
white nationalist movement that originated in
France before spreading out to the rest of
Europe and later on to
North America,
Australia and
New Zealand. The Identitarian lambda represents the
Battle of Thermopylae.
Lower-case letter λ Examples of the symbolic use of lowercase lambda include: • λ indicates the
wavelength of any
wave, especially in
physics,
electrical engineering, and
mathematics. • In
evolutionary algorithms, λ indicates the number of offspring that would be generated from μ current population in each generation. The terms μ and λ are originated from
evolution strategy notation. • λ indicates the
radioactivity decay constant in
nuclear physics and
radioactivity. This constant is very simply related (by a multiplicative constant) to the
half-life of any radioactive material. • In
probability theory, λ represents the density of occurrences within a time interval, as modelled by the
Poisson distribution. • In
mathematical logic and
computer science, λ is used to introduce
anonymous functions expressed with the concepts of
lambda calculus. • λ indicates an
eigenvalue in the mathematics of
linear algebra. • In the physics of particles, lambda indicates the
thermal de Broglie wavelength • In the physics of
electric fields, lambda sometimes indicates the linear
charge density of a uniform line of
electric charge (measured in
coulombs per meter). • Lambda denotes a
Lagrange multiplier in
multi-dimensional calculus. • In
solid-state electronics, lambda indicates the
channel length modulation parameter of a
MOSFET. • In
ecology, lambda denotes the long-term intrinsic growth rate of a population. This value is often calculated as the dominant eigenvalue of the age/size class
matrix. • In
formal language theory and in computer science, lambda denotes the
empty string. • Lambda is a nonstandard symbol in the
International Phonetic Alphabet for the
voiced alveolar lateral affricate . • Lambda denotes the
Lebesgue measure in
mathematical set theory. • The
Goodman and Kruskal's lambda in
statistics indicates the
proportional reduction in error when one variable's values are used to predict the values of another variable. • Lambda denotes the
oxygen sensor in a vehicle that measures the
air-to-fuel ratio in the exhaust
gases of an
internal-combustion engine. • A
Lambda 4S solid-fuel rocket was used to launch
Japan's first orbital satellite in 1970. • Lambda denotes the
failure rate of devices and systems in
reliability theory, and it is measured in failure events per hour. Numerically, this lambda is also the reciprocal of the
mean time between failures. • In criminology, lambda denotes an individual's frequency of
offences. • In
electrochemistry, lambda also denotes the
ionic conductance of a given ion (the composition of the ion is generally shown as a subscript to the lambda character). • In
neurobiology, lambda denotes the
length constant (or exponential rate of decay) of the
electric potential across the
cell membrane along a length of a nerve cell's
axon. • In the science and technology of
heat transfer, lambda denotes the
heat of vaporization per
mole of material (a.k.a. its "latent heat"). • In the technology and science of
celestial navigation, lambda denotes the
longitude as opposed to the Roman letter "L", which denotes the
latitude. • A block style lambda is used as a recurring symbol in the
Valve computer game series
Half-Life, referring to the Lambda Complex of the fictional
Black Mesa Research Facility, as well as making appearances in the sequel
Half-Life 2, and its subsequent prequel
Half-Life: Alyx as an in-universe
symbol of resistance. • In 1970, a lowercase lambda was chosen by
Tom Doerr as the symbol of the New York chapter of the
Gay Activists Alliance. The lambda symbol became associated with
gay liberation and recognized as an
LGBTQ symbol for some time afterwards, being used as such by the International Gay Rights Congress in Edinburgh. •
Golomb–Dickman constant • In continuum mechanics, lambda represents one of the
Lamé parameters, which is a material property that arises in stress-strain relationships.
Litra symbol The
Roman and
Byzantine (), which served as both the pound mass unit and liter volume unit, were abbreviated in Greek using lambda with modified forms of the
iota subscript ⟨λͅ⟩. These are variously encoded in Unicode. The
Ancient Greek Numbers Unicode block includes 10183 (𐆃) as well as 𐅢, which is described as 10162 but was much more common as a form of the litra sign. A variant of the sign can be formed from 0338 and either 039B (Λ̸) or 03BB (λ̸). ==Unicode==