is an example of Victorian architecture found in Shanghai, China. During the 18th century, a few English architects emigrated to the colonies, but as the
British Empire became firmly established during the 19th century, many architects emigrated at the start of their careers. Some chose the United States, and others went to Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. Normally, they applied architectural styles that were fashionable when they left England. By the latter half of the century, however, improving transport and communications meant that even remote parts of the Empire had access to publications such as the magazine
The Builder, which helped colonial architects keep informed about current fashion. Thus, the influence of English architecture spread across the world. Several prominent architects produced English-derived designs around the world, including
William Butterfield (
St Peter's Cathedral, Adelaide) and
Jacob Wrey Mould (Chief Architect of Public Works in
New York City).
Australia , have been deliberately set back from the street in order to retain Victorian-era buildings. have been preserved. Pictured are Victorian style terraces in
Sydney The Victorian period flourished in Australia and is generally recognised as being from 1840 to 1890, which saw a
gold rush and population boom during the 1880s in the states of
New South Wales and
Victoria. There were fifteen styles that predominated: The Arts and Crafts style and Queen Anne style are considered to be part of the
Federation Period, from 1890 to 1915. File:Royal exhibition building tulips straight.jpg|
Melbourne's world heritage
Royal Exhibition Building, built in 1880 (Free Classical) File:General Post Office, Sydney.jpg|
General Post Office, Sydney, in the Free Classical style (1891) File:The Hotel Windsor, Melbourne, Australia.jpg|
Hotel Windsor, Melbourne, 1885 File:St Peters Cathedral.JPG|
St Peter's Cathedral, Adelaide (Gothic Revival) File:SydneyTownHall gobeirne.jpg|
Sydney Town Hall, in Second Empire style File:Sydney (AU), Queen Victoria Building -- 2019 -- 3580.jpg|
Queen Victoria Building in Romanesque style (1898) File:South Melbourne Townhall.jpg|
South Melbourne Town Hall in Second Empire style File:StMarysSydneyCathedral1.jpg|
St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney, in Victorian Gothic architecture (1882) File:York Street, Sydney.jpg|Victorian Mannerist architecture lining a street in Sydney File:Melbourne Princess Theatre Feb 2013.jpg|
Princess Theatre, Melbourne File:State Library of Victoria - right side.jpg|
State Library of Victoria of the Academic Classical style (1870) File:UniSA Library, Adelaide, East view 20230207.jpg|
Brookman Hall, UniSA City East Campus, Adelaide, South Australia File:Adelaide rotunda.jpg|
Gazebo in
Adelaide, South Australia File:(1)Italianate home Dutruc Street Randwick-1.jpg|Italianate home in
Randwick File:(1) Nichols Street Homes.JPG|
Filigree style terraces in
Surry Hills with ornate iron-wrought detailing File:Goodrest corner leopold and domain road south yarra.jpg|Second Empire and
Filigree residence in
South Yarra Hong Kong Western influence in architecture was strong when
Hong Kong was a
British colony. Victorian architecture in Hong Kong: File:St Andrew's Church 2017.jpg|
St. Andrew's Church File:St John Cathedral Hong Kong.jpg|
St. John's Cathedral File:1881 Heritage Overview 201108.jpg|
Former Marine Police Headquarters (now officially named as '
1881 Heritage', which is a hotel and a shopping mall)
Ireland )
Georgian architecture is more prominent in Ireland than Victorian architecture. The cities of Dublin, Limerick, and Cork are famously dominated by
Georgian squares and
terraces. However, Victorian architecture flourished in certain quarters, particularly around Dublin's
Wicklow Street and Upper
Baggot Street, and in the suburbs of
Phibsboro,
Glasnevin,
Rathmines,
Ranelagh,
Rathgar,
Rathfarnham, and
Terenure. The colourful
Italianate buildings of
Cobh are excellent examples of the regional Victorian style in Ireland. Further examples of Victorian architecture in the country include Dublin's
George's Street Arcade, the
Royal City of Dublin Hospital on Baggot Street and the
Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital on Adelaide Road. File:Cobh-Cathedral-West-Side-2012.JPG|A Victorian terrace in
Cobh known as the "deck of cards" File:South Great George's Street Dublin.jpg|Victorian shops and cafes, including the
George's Street Arcade, Dublin
D02 File:Baggot Street Upper, Dublin.jpg|Victorian Upper
Baggot Street, Dublin
D02 File:D6W pillar box.jpg|Victorian terraced houses in Dublin
D6W File:Rathmines Road.jpg|Rathmines Clock Tower, Rathmines, Dublin
D06 File:The Royal City of Dublin Hospital.jpg|The Royal City of Dublin Hospital, Dublin
D04 File:Botanic Gardens In Glasnevin (Dublin) (7951823690).jpg|National Botanic Gardens glasshouse, Glasnevin, Dublin D09 File:Royal Victoria.jpg|The Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Adelaide Road, Dublin
D02 Sri Lanka During the British colonial period of British Ceylon:
Sri Lanka Law College, Sri Lanka College of Technology,
Galle Face Hotel and the
Royal College Main Building.
North America are an example of Victorian architecture found in San Francisco, California. In the United States, 'Victorian' architecture generally describes styles that were most popular between 1860 and 1900. A list of these styles most commonly includes
Second Empire (1855–85),
Stick-Eastlake (1860–),
Folk Victorian (1870–1910),
Queen Anne (1880–1910),
Richardsonian Romanesque (1880–1900), and
Shingle (1880–1900). As in the United Kingdom, examples of Gothic Revival and Italianate continued to be constructed during this period and are therefore sometimes called Victorian. Some historians classify the later years of Gothic Revival as a distinctive Victorian style named High Victorian Gothic.
Stick-Eastlake, a manner of geometric, machine-cut decorating derived from Stick and Queen Anne, is sometimes considered a distinct style. On the other hand, terms such as "
Painted Ladies" or "
gingerbread" may be used to describe certain Victorian buildings, but do not constitute a specific style. The names of architectural styles (as well as their adaptations) varied between countries. Many homes combined the elements of several different styles and are not easily distinguishable as one particular style or another. Notable Victorian-inspired cities during this era include,
Astoria in
Oregon;
Philadelphia and
Pittsburgh in
Pennsylvania;
Washington, D.C.;
Boston in
Massachusetts;
Alameda,
Eureka,
San Francisco, and
Midtown Sacramento in
California; The
Brooklyn Heights,
Forrest Hills,
Park Slope,
St. George, and
Victorian Flatbush sections of
New York City,
Garden City,
Oyster Bay, and
Roslyn on
Long Island, and
Albany,
Troy,
Buffalo, and
Rochester in
Upstate New York;
Asbury Park /
Ocean Grove,
Cape May,
Deal,
Flemington,
Freehold,
Hackettstown,
Jersey City /
Hoboken,
Madison,
Metuchen,
Montclair,
Ridgewood,
Plainfield,
Summit, and
Westfield in
New Jersey;
Chicago,
Galena, and
Winnetka in
Illinois;
Detroit and
Grand Rapids in
Michigan;
Cincinnati and
Columbus in
Ohio;
Galveston in
Texas;
Baltimore in
Maryland;
Louisville in
Kentucky;
Atlanta in
Georgia;
Milwaukee in
Wisconsin;
New Orleans in
Louisiana;
Richmond in
Virginia;
St. Louis in
Missouri; and
Saint Paul in
Minnesota.
Los Angeles grew from a
Pueblo (village) into a
Victorian Downtown – now almost entirely demolished but with residential remnants in its
Angelino Heights and
Westlake neighborhoods. San Francisco is particularly well known for its extensive Victorian architecture, especially in the
Haight-Ashbury,
Lower Haight,
Alamo Square,
Western Addition,
Mission,
Duboce Triangle,
Noe Valley,
Castro,
Nob Hill, and
Pacific Heights neighborhoods. , a well preserved historic district full of Victorian architecture The extent to which any one is the "largest surviving example" is debated, with numerous qualifications. The
Distillery District in Toronto, Ontario contains the largest and best-preserved collection of Victorian-era industrial architecture in North America.
Cabbagetown is the largest and most continuous Victorian residential area in North America. Other Toronto Victorian neighbourhoods include
The Annex,
Parkdale, and
Rosedale. In the US, the
South End of Boston is recognized by the
National Register of Historic Places as the oldest and largest Victorian neighborhood in the country.
Old Louisville in
Louisville, Kentucky, also claims to be the nation's largest Victorian neighborhood.
Richmond, Virginia is home to several large Victorian neighborhoods, the most prominent being
The Fan. The Fan district is best known locally as Richmond's largest and most 'European' of Richmond's neighborhoods and nationally as the largest contiguous Victorian neighborhood in the United States. The
Old West End neighborhood of
Toledo, Ohio is recognized as the largest collection of late Victorian and
Edwardian homes in the United States, east of the
Mississippi.
Summit Avenue in
Saint Paul, Minnesota, has the longest line of Victorian homes in the country.
Over-The-Rhine in
Cincinnati, Ohio, has the largest collection of early Victorian
Italianate architecture in the United States, and is an example of an intact 19th-century urban neighborhood. According to National Register of Historic Places,
Cape May Historic District has one of the largest collections of late 19th century frame buildings left in the United States. The photo album ''L'Architecture Americaine'' by
Albert Levy published in 1886 is perhaps the first recognition in Europe of the new forces emerging in North American architecture. File:PAFA 1900 from Library of Congress (cropped).jpg|
Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Philadelphia, by
Frank Furness File:AlleghenyCountyCourthouse.jpg|
Allegheny County Courthouse, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, by
Henry Hobson Richardson File:Santa Fe passenger terminal in San Diego prior to 1915.jpg|The
California Southern Railroad's San Diego passenger terminal, built in 1887 File:Brooklyn Bridge Postdlf.jpg|
Brooklyn Bridge, 1883, New York City File:Carson Mansion Eureka California.jpg|The
Carson Mansion in
Eureka, California, widely considered one of the highest executions of
Queen Anne style, built 1884–86 File:SteinbeckHouse.jpg|
John Steinbeck's childhood home in
Salinas, California File:Emlen-physick-estate.jpg|
Emlen Physick Estate in
Cape May Historic District, New Jersey, by
Frank Furness File:Saitta House Dyker Heights.JPG|The
Saitta House,
Dyker Heights,
Brooklyn, New York, built in
1899 is designed in the
Queen Anne style File:655 Wrightwood Avenue Circa 1880, Lincoln Park Chicago Illinois.jpg|1880s photo of 653 W Wrightwood (now 655 W Wrightwood) in the
Lincoln Park neighborhood of
Chicago, Illinois File:Farnam Mansion 2.jpg|The
Italianate style
Farnam Mansion in
Oneida, New York. Built circa 1862 File:JamesJHillHouse.jpg|
James J. Hill House in
St. Paul, Minnesota, built in 1891 File:Victorian Gazebo.jpg|Victorian
gazebo in
Ohio File:Over-the-Rhine-12th-and-Vine.jpg|Series of
Italianate tenements in
Over-The-Rhine,
Cincinnati, Ohio File:Ford Piquette Avenue Plant - Front Façade.jpg|
Ford Piquette Avenue Plant,
Detroit,
Michigan, built 1904 File:Cape may pink victorian.jpg|
Gingerbread trim on an 1882 house in
Cape May, New Jersey File:206 West Moore Street, Hackettstown, NJ.jpg|The
Jacob C. Allen House (c. 1870) in
Hackettstown, New Jersey Canada Canada's
chief dominion architects designed numerous federal buildings over the course of the Victorian era.
Thomas Fuller's completion of the
Canadian Parliament Buildings in 1866, in particular, established a High Victorian Gothic influence over Canadian architectural design for several consecutive decades, producing many public buildings, churches, residences, industrial buildings, and hotels. in the late 19th and early 20th century. , an example of Victorian industrial architecture File:Banff Springs Hotel1.jpg|
Banff Springs Hotel File:Basilica of Our Lady Immaculate.jpg|
Basilica of Our Lady Immaculate File:British Columbia Parliament Building, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.jpg|
British Columbia Parliament Buildings (main block) File:Canadian Museum of Nature - 06.jpg|
Canadian Museum of Nature File:Michael Toronto.jpg|
Cathedral Church of St. James (Toronto) File:Cathedral 006.JPG|
Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception (Saint John, New Brunswick) File:Central Chambers - 04.jpg|
Central Chambers (Ottawa) File:2016-11 Château Frontenac 06.jpg|
Château Frontenac File:Christ Church Cathedral day.jpg|
Christ Church Cathedral (Montreal) File:Christ Church Cathedral, Fredericton, New Brunswick (2005).jpg|
Christ Church Cathedral (Fredericton) File:Craigdarroch Castle just after sunset - view from the south, Victoria, Canada 01.jpg|
Craigdarroch Castle File:Halifax Armoury.JPG|
Halifax Armoury File:Residence H-Vincent-Meredith 01.jpg|
Lady Meredith House File:Hotel de ville de Montreal 09.JPG|
Montreal City Hall File:Langevin Block (2013)(cropped).jpg|
Office of the Prime Minister and Privy Council (formerly Langevin Block) File:Old Post Office Galt Cambridge Ontario cropped.jpg|Old Galt Post Office Building File:Torontos Old City Hall 2009.jpg|
Old Toronto City Hall File:Dawn at Parliament Hill in Ottawa.JPG|Parliament Buildings (Centre Block and Library) File:Gare Viger 16.jpg|
Place Viger File:London-OntarioChurch2.jpg|
St. Paul's Cathedral (London, Ontario) File:The Algonquin in St Andrews.jpg|
The Algonquin File:Brockville Fuller Bldg.JPG|Thomas Fuller Building (
Brockville, Ontario) File:Uoft universitycollege.jpg|
University College, Toronto Main Building File:City Hall and Volunteer Monument, Winnipeg, MB, 1887.jpg|Winnipeg City Hall (1887)
India Because India was a colony of Britain, Victorian Architecture is prevalent in India, especially in cities like
Mumbai, Kolkata, Kerala and Chennai. In Mumbai (Formerly called Bombay) buildings like
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus,
Municipal Corporation Building,
Bombay University,
Bombay High Court,
Asiatic Society of Mumbai Building (Former Town Hall) and the
David Sasoon Library are some examples of Victorian Architecture in Mumbai. In Kolkata (Formerly called Calcutta) buildings like the
Victoria Memorial,
Calcutta High Court,
St Paul's Cathedral,
Howrah railway station,
The Asiatic Society of Bengal are some examples of Victorian Architecture in Kolkata. In Chennai (Formerly called Madras) some examples include
Madras High court, State Bank of Madras,
Chennai Central railway station and
St. Mary's Church. Many churches and colleges such as
Santa Cruz Cathedral Basilica Kochi,
University College Trivandrum,
Government College of Fine Arts Trivandrum,
Napier Museum,
State Central Library of Kerala,
Government Victoria College Palakkad,
CMS College Kottayam and
SB College Changanasserry are some of finest examples of Victorian architecture in Kerala. ==Preservation==