Roman Rite The Roman Rite is by far the most widely used. Like other
liturgical rites, it developed over time, with newer forms replacing the older. It underwent many changes in the first millennium, during half of its existence (see
Pre-Tridentine Mass). The forms that
Pope Pius V, as requested by the
Council of Trent, established in the 1560s and 1570s underwent repeated minor variations in the centuries immediately following. The 20th century saw more profound changes.
Pope Pius X radically rearranged the
Psalter of the Breviary and altered the rubrics of the Mass.
Pope Pius XII significantly revised the Holy Week ceremonies and certain other aspects of the
Roman Missal in 1955. Finally, the Pontificate of
Pope Paul VI saw the total rearranging of Latin liturgy as a result of the Second Vatican Council.
Ordinary Form The
Second Vatican Council (1962–1965) was followed by a general revision of the rites of all the Roman Rite sacraments, including the
Eucharist. This revision is known as
Mass of Paul VI. As before, each new typical edition of a liturgical book supersedes the previous one. Thus, the 1970 Roman Missal, which superseded the 1962 edition, was superseded by the edition of 1975. The 2002 edition in turn supersedes the 1975 edition both in Latin and, as official translations into each language appear, also in the vernacular languages. Under the terms of
Summorum Pontificum by
Pope Benedict XVI, the
Mass of Paul VI was known as the
Ordinary Form of the Roman Rite.
Extraordinary Form The
Tridentine Mass, as in the 1962 Roman Missal, and other pre-Vatican II rites are still authorized for use within the Roman Rite under the conditions indicated in the
motu proprio Traditionis Custodes. These liturgical practices emanate from the liturgical reforms of the
Council of Trent, from which the word "Tridentine" is derived. Following its description in
Summorum Pontificum by
Pope Benedict XVI, the ritual use of liturgical books promulgated before Vatican II was sometimes known as the
Extraordinary Form of the Roman Rite.
Anglican Use The
Anglican Use is a
use of the Roman Rite, rather than a unique rite itself. During the Liturgy of the Eucharist, especially the Eucharistic Prayer, it is closest to other forms of the Roman Rite, while it differs more during the Liturgy of the Word and the Penitential Rite. The language used, which differs from that of the
ICEL translation of the Roman Rite of Mass, is based upon the
Book of Common Prayer, originally written in the 16th century. Prior to the establishment of the
personal ordinariates, parishes in the United States were called "Anglican Use" and used the
Book of Divine Worship, an adaptation of the
Book of Common Prayer. The
Book of Divine Worship has been replaced with the similar
Divine Worship: The Missal for use in the ordinariates worldwide, replacing the official term "Anglican Use" with "Divine Worship". Anglican liturgical rituals, whether those used in the ordinariates of the Catholic Church or in the various prayer books and missals of the
Anglican Communion and other denominations, trace their origin back to the
Sarum Use, which was a variation of the Roman Rite used in England before introduction during the reign of
Edward VI of the
1549 Book of Common Prayer, following the break from the Roman church under the previous monarch
Henry VIII. On 9 November 2009,
Pope Benedict XVI established a worldwide provision for Anglicans who joined the church. This process set up personal ordinariates for former Anglicans and other persons entering the full communion of the Catholic Church. These ordinariates would be similar to dioceses, but encompassing entire regions or nations. Parishes belonging to an ordinariate would not be part of the local diocese. These ordinariates are charged with maintaining the Anglican liturgical, spiritual and pastoral traditions, and they have full faculties to celebrate the Eucharist and the other sacraments, the
Liturgy of the Hours and other liturgical functions in accordance with the liturgical books proper to the Anglican tradition, in revisions approved by the
Holy See. This faculty does not exclude liturgical celebrations according to the Roman Rite. The
Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham was set up for England and Wales on 15 January 2011; the
Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter for the United States and Canada on 1 January 2012; and the
Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of the Southern Cross for Australia on 15 June 2012. As of 2017 it was decreed that all parishes in the United States established under the Pastoral Provision be transferred to the Ordinariate. Bishop
Steven Lopes of the
Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter has requested that terms such as "Anglican Use" and "Anglican Ordinariate" be avoided, saying "Our clergy and faithful do not like being called Anglican, both because this is insensitive to actual Anglicans, and because it is a subtle way of suggesting that their entrance into full communion is less than total. We are Catholic in every sense."
Rites of religious orders Some
religious orders celebrated Mass according to rites of their own, dating from more than 200 years before the papal bull
Quo primum. These rites were based on local usages and combined elements of the Roman and Gallican Rites. Following the
Second Vatican Council, they have mostly been abandoned, except for the Carthusian Rite (see
below). Religious orders of more recent origin have never had special rites.
Carthusian Rite The
Carthusian rite is in use in a version revised in 1981. Apart from the new elements in this revision, it is substantially the rite of
Grenoble in the 12th century, with some admixture from other sources. Among other differences from the Roman Order of Mass, the deacon prepares the gifts while the Epistle is being sung, the celebrating priest washes his hands twice at the offertory and says the eucharistic prayer with arms extended in the form of a cross except when using his hands for some specific action, and there is no blessing at the end of Mass.
Benedictine Rite The
Order of Saint Benedict has never had a rite of the Mass peculiar to it, but it keeps its very ancient Benedictine Rite of the
Liturgy of the Hours.
Carmelite Rite The
Rite of the Holy Sepulchre, commonly called the Carmelite Rite, is the
liturgical rite that was used by the
Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre,
Hospitallers,
Templars,
Carmelites and the other orders founded within the
Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem.
Premonstratensian or Norbertine Rite The
Premonstratensian Rite or Norbertine Rite is the liturgical rite, somewhat distinct from the Roman Rite, specific to the Premonstratensian Order of the
Catholic Church. The Norbertine rite differs from the Roman Rite in the celebration of Mass, the
Liturgy of the Hours and the administration of the
Sacrament of Penance.
Cistercian Rite The
Cistercian Rite is the liturgical rite, distinct from the Roman Rite, specific to the
Cistercian Order of the Catholic Church. The Cistercians are a reformed branch of the
Benedictines.
Dominican Rite The
Dominican Rite is the unique liturgical rite of the
Dominican Order in the Catholic Church. It has been classified differently by different sources – some consider it a usage of the Roman Rite, others a variant of the
Gallican Rite, and still others a form of the Roman Rite into which Gallican elements were inserted.
Franciscan Rite The
Franciscans, unlike the Dominicans, Carmelites and other orders, have never had a peculiar rite properly so called, but conformably to the mind of St. Francis of Assisi always followed the
Roman Rite for the celebration of Mass. They also enjoy certain privileges in regard to the time and place of celebrating Mass, and the Missale Romano-Seraphicum contains many proper Masses not found in the Roman Missal.
Friars Minor Capuchin Rite The
Friars Minor Capuchin use the Roman Rite, except that in the Confiteor the name of their founder,
St. Francis is added after the names of the
Apostles, and in the suffrages they make commemorations of St. Francis and all saints of their order. The use of incense in the conventual mass on certain solemnities, even though the Mass is said and not sung, is another liturgical custom (recently sanctioned by the
Holy See) peculiar to their order. Generally speaking, the Capuchins do not have sung Masses except in parochial churches, and except in these churches they may not have organs without the minister general's permission.
Servite Rite The
Order of Servites (or Servants of Mary) cannot be said to possess a separate or exclusive rite similar to the Dominicans and others, but follows the Roman Ritual, as provided in its constitutions, with very slight variations. Devotion towards the
Mother of Sorrows being the principal distinctive characteristic of the order, there are special prayers and indulgences attaching to the solemn celebration of the five major Marian feasts: the
Annunciation,
Visitation,
Assumption,
Presentation and
Nativity of our Blessed Lady.
Regional uses of the Roman Rite Rite or Use of Versailles The is a heavily Romanized form of the Gallican Rite still used in some parts of France.
Rite or Use of Lyon The
Lyonese Rite of the
Diocese of Lyon, which some consider to have been (rather than Milan) the centre of diffusion of the Gallican liturgy; it is maintained in a few parishes in Lyon.
Rite or Use of Bayeux The of the
Diocese of Bayeux is another variant of the Gallican liturgy and is still used at
Bayeux Cathedral and the
Abbey of Saint-Étienne.
Rite or Use of Braga The Rite of Braga is used, but since 18 November 1971 only on an optional basis, in the
Archdiocese of Braga in northern
Portugal. The Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei (PCED) considers it a local Use of the Roman Rite, rather than an independent rite.
Zaire Use The Zaire Use is an inculturated variation of the Ordinary Form of the Roman Rite of the Roman Catholic Church. It has been used to a very limited extent in some African countries since the late 1970s to early 1980s.
Adaptations for some Indigenous peoples of Mexico Similarly to the Zaire Use, the Vatican approved certain adaptations for Indigenous Mexican groups in 2024. This use is only for the
Diocese of San Cristóbal de Las Casas. The adaptations include a new "ministry of incensation," to administer incense (distinct from the
thurifer), as well the "Principal," a layperson who guides the congregation in prayer at certain moments. It was the second time after Vatican II that adaptations of the Mass have been approved.
Gallican Rites :
Source: Ambrosian Rite The Ambrosian Rite is celebrated most often in the
Archdiocese of Milan,
Italy, and in parts of some neighbouring dioceses in Italy and Switzerland. The language used is now usually Italian, rather than Latin. With some variant texts and minor differences in the order of readings, it is similar in form to the Roman Rite.
Mozarabic Rite The Mozarabic Rite, which was prevalent throughout
Hispania in Visigothic times, is now celebrated only in limited locations, principally the
cathedral of
Toledo. ==Defunct Latin liturgical rites==