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Trafford Centre

The Trafford Centre is a large indoor shopping centre and entertainment complex in Trafford Park, Greater Manchester, England. It opened in 1998 and is third largest in the United Kingdom by retail space.

History
Genesis In 1922 the Manchester Ship Canal Company purchased of the former de Trafford family estate intending to develop it for industrial uses, mirroring the success of the existing Trafford Park estate. By the time that Trafford Park's industry began to decline in the 1960s one parcel of land would remain undeveloped. Upon learning that the site was owned by the Manchester Ship Canal Company, which Whittaker had been acquiring shares in since 1971, Whittaker approached them with an offer to purchase but was told that as the land was earmarked for Manchester's bid for the 1996 summer Olympics it was not for sale. The chairman of the Manchester Ship Canal company also revealed that they also had plans to build a shopping centre on the site if the Olympic bid was unsuccessful. Consequently, in 1986, the council surrendered its rights to appoint all but one of the Manchester Ship Canal Company's directors and sold its shares to Whittaker for £10million. The proposal was subsequently called in by the Secretary of State for the Environment, resulting in legal disputes and two public inquiries before planning permission was granted. Concerns raised included potential congestion on the M60 motorway and adverse consequences for high streets in other Greater Manchester towns. The Trafford Centre was not the only proposal for a large shopping centre in the area. A rival centre known as Regatta at Salteye was to be located close to Barton Aerodrome in Salford, just across the Manchester Ship Canal from the Trafford Centre. This proposal was similar in size to the Trafford Centre and was submitted for planning permission at around the same time. It would also be called in by the Secretary of State due to its size and the government made it clear that only one proposal could be permitted. In 1990, the government indicated that the Trafford Centre was the stronger scheme, the Regatta proposal was subsequently withdrawn shortly afterwards. The Trafford Centre would be granted planning permission in 1993, but this was later blocked by the Court of Appeal. The Peel Group appealed the decision which lead to the case being considered by the House of Lords, the highest court in the land at the time. On the 24 May 1995 the House of Lords overturned the 1993 Court of Appeal judgement therefore re-instating the 1993 grant of planning permission and settling the long running planning process for good. John Whittaker was not perturbed by the protracted planning challenges and always expected the decision to eventually be made in his favour. The extended timescale allowed Whittaker and the centre's architect, Rodney Carran of Chapman Taylor architects to visit shopping centres around the world for inspiration. Bovis Construction was appointed as the lead contractor in October 1995. In February 1996, Selfridges was announced as the first anchor tenant. Later that month an exhibition showcasing the design of the centre was held at Trafford Town Hall. Construction commenced on-site in May 1996, with piling works. Assembly of the steel frame began in August. By December 1996 the dome's skeleton was visible on the skyline. By late 1997, the steel frame was complete and significant progress had been made on the facade and interior. During the summer of 1998 construction reached its peak, with 3,000workers on-site fitting out retail units and completing other parts of the building. After 27months of construction, Peel had invested £600million. An opening party for 2,000 invited guests was held in The Orient days before the centre opened to the public. John Whittaker made a theatrical entrance to the stage arriving on a zipline dressed as ships captain. The Trafford Centre would open its doors on 10 September 1998, with approximately 140,000 eager shoppers visiting on opening day. An extension known as The Great Hall opened in March 2007, expanding the centre's dining options. A new wing, Trafford Palazzo (originally known as Barton Square) opened in March 2008. Intu Peel Group sold the centre to Capital Shopping Centres (CSC) in January 2011 for £1.6billion, in cash and shares, and John Whittaker, chairman of Peel Group, became deputy chairman of CSC. He later claimed he could have sold the centre for over £2billion if he had been prepared to accept just cash. Nevertheless, the £1.6billion deal remained the largest property transaction in British history, and the biggest European property deal of 2011. Capital Shopping Centres was renamed Intu in 2013 and spent £7million rebranding the "Intu Trafford Centre". , Intu claimed a fair market value of £2.312billion for the centre. However, the firm entered administration in June 2020 and the centre was placed into receivership by its creditors in November 2020. In 2020, the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board, who had loaned Intu £250million in 2017, exercised their rights as creditors to take ownership of the complex excluding Barton Square, which would be legally separated from the centre. Post Intu The now-separated Barton Square was acquired again by Peel Land and Property in May 2021 for an undisclosed sum although the asking price was in excess of £50million. In November 2021 Peel re-branded the complex to Trafford Palazzo. Trafford Palazzo and the Trafford Centre now operate as separate shopping centres despite being physically linked. ==Building==
Building
The three storey building consists of several distinct areas radiating from the main dome. Regent Crescent and Peel Avenue are the two shopping malls which are both anchored by department stores (Marks and Spencer and John Lewis respectively) at the far ends. The Dome is home to the first Selfridges outside of London. The 20-screen Odeon Cinema and other leisure facilities are also situated in the Dome area on the second floor accessed via The Orient. The Orient is the leisure and dining area spread over two floors containing the largest food court in Europe and many other restaurants, cafes and leisure facilities. This area was extended in 2007 with the addition of The Great Hall. The centre originally contained a market style hall at the end of Peel Avenue known as Festival Village. This space was home to around 50 smaller stores dedicated to more specialist retailers, along with dining, creche and children's entertainment facilities. This area was closed in late 2003 for conversion into the John Lewis department store, which opened in May 2005. Inspired by English stately homes, Vatican City and The Forum Shops at Caesars in Las Vegas, John Whittaker chose a lavish unorthodox neo-classical inspired style seeking to avoid the centre rapidly appearing dated and stale, a problem many shopping centres were susceptible to. Although the extravagant Rococo and Baroque design may be viewed as gaudy, he argued the prospect of the shopping centre rapidly ageing was mitigated and long-term less renovation work would be required. Design work was shared between the architectural practices of Chapman Taylor and Manchester-based Leach Rhodes Walker. Chapman Taylor developed the conceptual design and general look and feel while Leach Rhodes Walker were responsible for the detailed technical design and coordination. The main contractor was Bovis, with structural and mechanical & electrical engineering services provided by WSP Group. The landscaping design was by the Derek Lovejoy Partnership. Due to the projects scale and complexity the architects produced over 3,000 drawings and specifications and 24 architects were required to work on the project full time during the construction process. The building was designed with adaptability in mind meaning that most of the retail units are able to accommodate a mezzanine floor allowing retailers to increase their floorspace within the same unit. An additional floor at second floor level can also be accommodated above the two major department store units if the need arises. in architectural style and is clad primarily in brick and reconstituted stone. Glass reinforced plastic cladding is used at the upper levels in some areas. Influences of many historical styles can be seen on the exterior with Neoclassical and Egyptian Revival being especially prominent. Decor The interior of the Trafford Centre is decorated with an eclectic selection of classically inspired elements with each area having its own distinct character rich in colour and detail. Each area having a distinct design is intended to help visitors to orient themselves around the centre. The flooring consists of of granite and marble from Montignoso and Quarrata in Italy. Neoclassical style columns are painted to resemble marble and adorned with gold leaf. The Red Rose of Lancaster is used as a decorative motif paying homage to the local area and North West England. Manchester architecture critic John Parkinson-Bailey described the Trafford Centre as a building which "will not appeal to purists" and the range of interior architecture as "bewildering". A time capsule containing a variety of artefacts including drawings and other work created by pupils from the nearby Barton Clough Primary school was laid in the floor beneath the main dome in July 1998. The pupils also attended the ceremony to lay the capsule. , December 2025. A Mercedes 380SL car formerly belonging to John Whittaker's mother was originally displayed on the first floor of Peel Avenue and was moved to Trafford Palazzo after its acquisition by Peel. Planting is a major element of the centre's interior design. This takes the form of living and preserved trees as well other smaller shrubs which are grown in large planters. Upon opening the centre was home to 40 living trees and 65 preserved palm trees up to 15 metres high. The living trees, Ficus maclellandii and Adonidia Palms were imported from Florida in the United States and spent some time in a nursery in Rotterdam, The Netherlands to acclimatise to the cooler European climate before being installed in the building. The preserved palms were grown in California, USA. The Global Harbour Mall in Shanghai, China features interior design heavily inspired by the Trafford Centre. Both centres were the work of Chapman Taylor architects. Murals The centre is decorated with hundreds of murals and ''Trompe-l'œil'' which adorn its walls and vaulted ceilings. These depict many different themes ranging from classical allegory to historical depictions of The Manchester Ship Canal and other prominent local landmarks. Portraits displayed along the walls of Regent Crescent commemorate 30 of the centres architects, engineers, and construction managers alongside Peel staff who played a key role in the centre’s development and construction. Sculpture A notable feature of the centre is the statuary and other sculpture. There are over 100 figures, mainly in a classical Greek or Roman style, many of which were specially commissioned for the centre. Kent based sculptor Guy Portelli was commissioned to create the 22 classical maidens adorning the colonnade at the front of The Orient. Dancing maidens bear oak branches as reminder of Trafford Park's history as a "beautifully timbered deer park" and reclining figures blow golden trumpets to herald in a new era. Altrincham sculptor Colin Spofforth created bronze figures of a real life jazz band for the New Orleans theme. In 1999 a statue of Arthur Brooke, the founder of the Brooke Bond tea company which has had a factory nearby in Trafford Park since 1923, was installed in the centre and can be found in The Orient. The statue was sculpted by Anthony Stones and was donated by the Brooke Bond tea company. As part of the Great Hall redevelopment in 2007, Spofforth was again commissioned to create a crest which forms part of a new portico at the main entrance. This piece assembles a griffin, unicorn and Roman centurion, once more referencing the arms of the de Trafford family. Fountains Another popular decorative element of the centre are its fountains. Seven fountains originally entertained visitors throughout the centre. Over the years some have been replaced or removed. The fountains instantly became a popular site for visitors to make a wish by tossing a coin into the water. The Trafford Centre periodically removes the coins from the fountains, cleans them and donates the money to local charities via its own Fountain Fund scheme. As of 2024, over £1.2million has been donated since 1998. The Orient The Orient is Europe's largest food court with 1,600 seats and 35 restaurant outlets. It is decorated in the style of a 1930s ocean liner, incorporating adjacent themed areas depicting China, the French Quarter of New Orleans, Egypt, Italy, New York and Morocco representing the destinations of an ocean voyage. The theme was chosen to reference the nearby Manchester Ship Canal and Manchester Docks where passenger and cargo ships used to set sail to all parts of the globe. The ceiling of The Orient is painted to resemble a sky with changing lighting effects and fibre optic stars further enhancing the effect. The two floors incorporate restaurants, bars and fast food outlets in sight of a giant screen. The Orient was designed by the Wilmslow based Imagineering Global and was intended to become a destination in itself originally having later opening hours to the rest of the centre at weekends. In February 2025 the China Town section of The Orient was redeveloped into a new area known as Eastern Garden. This area now houses several independent outlets serving Asian cuisine. As part of the works a new more contemporary design has been introduced inspired by Japanese architecture. Most of the original Chinese theming has been removed. Great Hall An extension to The Orient known as The Great Hall opened in March 2007 Trafford Palazzo (formerly Barton Square) A , extension to the Trafford Centre opened as Barton Square on 20 March 2008, at a cost of £90million. Barton Square was originally intended to house retailers specialising in homeware, furniture, appliances and other 'bulky goods'. The redevelopment work was completed in March 2020. == Facilities ==
Facilities
The centre has around 200 stores and services and is the third largest shopping centre in the United Kingdom by floor area. Laser Quest arena and an adventure golf course; all of which are located on the Second Floor around the central dome. A Namco amusement arcade with dodgems and bowling is located in The Orient. Between 2002 and 2004, the area occupied by Paradise Island Adventure Golf was originally home to an interactive children's ride called Dreamieland, dubbed "Britain's first shopping centre-based theme ride". It closed after only two years due to poor attendance, before Paradise Island took its place in 2008. Other facilities The centre opened with a hotel and pub on site in separate buildings. The 60-bedroom hotel was known as The Coach House and was operated by Premier Inn and featured a Brewers Fayre pub restaurant. The restaurant was rebranded as Brewsters in 2000, bringing about more children's entertainment, before returning to the more successful Brewers Fayre brand around summer 2005. The pub, known as The Orangery was situated adjacent to the hotel. The building housed various food and beverage operators over the years but as of 2025 it is vacant. Both buildings are located adjacent to a wooded area known as Wilderspool Wood which is some distance from the main building and were designed to resemble the outbuildings of a stately home. In September 2024 a planning application was submitted to Trafford Council asking for permission to demolish the hotel building. The application stated that the hotel had been closed since June 2023, and that the vacant building was attracting antisocial behaviour. The hotel building was demolished in 2025. ==Transport==
Transport
, 10% of the UK population lived within a 45-minute drive of the Trafford Centre. Buses The Trafford Centre bus station is situated at the far end of Regent Crescent. It is served by buses to most parts of Greater Manchester and beyond. Roads The Trafford Centre has 12,500car spaces and 350coach spaces; it is sited off the M60, between junctions 9 and 10. Its popularity has resulted in traffic congestion on the M60 Barton High-Level Bridge, requiring a link road adjacent to the M60 crossing the ship canal on a new lift bridge. All vehicles entering the centre have number plate details recorded via automatic number plate recognition. Since its introduction in 2003 at a cost of £220,000, the system has reduced the number of thefts of and from vehicles to a level described as "negligible". The ANPR tracks cars which have been used for serious offences and details of any car with such a number plate can then be passed to Stretford Police station. The centre has facilities for electric vehicle charging within its car parks. Trams The centre is served by two stops on the Trafford Park Line of the Manchester Metrolink network: • The terminus, The Trafford Centre tram stop, serves the west of the centre • The Trafford Palazzo tram stop serves the east of the centre and Trafford Palazzo. Plans for Metrolink to serve the Trafford Centre had been in place since before the centre had planning permission, with Peel Group originally promising to contribute £16million in funding. Construction of the Trafford Park Line began in January 2017. Test trams began in November 2019 and the line opened from Pomona to the Trafford Centre on 22 March 2020. From 1998 to 2020, a shuttle bus had connected Stretford tram stop and the Trafford Centre. The tram services at the Trafford Centre and run to Crumpsall via City centre via Exchange square. ==In popular culture==
In popular culture
• Featured in 2008 BBC documentary series, Britain From Above, highlighted a transition from industry to services. • The Orient food court was used as a location in the 2008 post-apocalyptic drama Survivors. • Focal point of BBC's 2010 The Apprentice week 5 when contestants sold clothes. • Featured in a 2017 BBC Radio 4 Documentary, The Stately Pleasure Dome which explored the poetry of the centre's architecture • The Dome and parts of Peel Avenue and Regent Crescent were featured in the 2025 CBeebies show, I Spy, You Spy. ==See also==
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