Petermann played at TSV Otterndorf, where she had to play in a team with boys up until the
C-Youth level. This was followed by a few years in the JugendSpielgemeinschaft Otterndorf/Altenwalde/Wanna (JSG OttAWA), before she moved to
SV Ahlerstedt/Ottendorf in the winter of 2009. Petermann started her club career at
Hamburger SV. On 20 September 2009, the first matchday of the 2009–10 season, she made her
Bundesliga debut in a 4–1 defeat in the home game against
FCR 2001 Duisburg. She scored her first Bundesliga goal on 8 November 2009 (8th matchday) in a 4–2 win in the away game against
1. FC Saarbrücken. In 2013, she moved to the United States to play
college football (soccer) for the
UCF Knights in Florida, where in her first year she was named the Conference rookie of the year. At the Knights she played together with her compatriots
Karoline Heinze and
Sophie Howard. After a successful campaign with
Germany national U-20 team at the
2014 U-20 World Cup she had an opportunity and decided to move back to Germany to pursue a professional career, by joining
SC Freiburg. After 74 league and 13 cup games for SC Freiburg, she joined
Turbine Potsdam for the
2018–19 season. After just one year, in which she scored 7 goals in 10 games, she left Turbine Potsdam and moved to France to play for
Montpellier for four years. In 2023 Petermann signed for
WSL side
Leicester City on a two-year contract. ==International career==