Leonard Abbott was born in
Liverpool on May 20, 1878, to an American expatriate family. His father was a metal merchant in the British city for an American firm. Raised and schooled in England, Abbott attended the upper-class, public
Uppingham School. Having read
Thomas Paine's
The Age of Reason in his youth, Abbott eschewed college, whose tuition his family could have afforded, and chose to pursue social issues and a conventional career as a magazine editor upon immigrating to the United States in 1898. He wrote for
The Literary Digest and later became associate editor of
Current Digest, which he served for a quarter century. Abbott was radicalized through the free speech movement in the
Progressive Era, as anarchists were repressed their
civil liberties. He would later become the
Free Speech League's president after 1907. Abbott met the anarchist
Emma Goldman soon after immigrating and turned towards libertarianism via his friend, the
individualist anarchist J. William Lloyd. The two published
Free Comrade sporadically between 1900 and 1912. Simultaneously, Abbott served multiple organizations for social causes. Influenced by
William Morris, Abbott joined the executive board of the
Socialist Party of America in 1900 and the founding board of the
Rand School of Social Science in 1906. He introduced
Upton Sinclair to socialism in 1902 with an edition of ''Wilshire's Magazine
. At the turn of the century, Abbott wrote on socialism in America for the British Labour Annual'', helped with a socialist publication based in Chicago, and would continue to write pamphlets and for multiple other publications over the remainder of his career. Moved by the execution of
Francisco Ferrer in 1909, Abbott edited a volume about Ferrer's life and became the public face of the anarchist New York
Ferrer Association. His British accent and aristocratic manners made him an unlikely yet successful advocate for radical politics. But Abbott became best known as a leader of the New Jersey
Ferrer Colony, which he helped to split from the Association in 1916 following its 1914 move. His abilities to summarize and popularize were among his talents. As the anarchism movement ebbed, Abbott moved to socialism in 1917. While Abbott followed anarchism as a social philosophy and believed in its liberatory fight against oppression, historian
Laurence Veysey wrote that Abbott vacillated between socialism and anarchism and never committed fully to the latter. In the middle of the Ferrer affair, Abbott wrote that radical ideas stirred his spirit, and he pursued them almost impulsively, but he believed in principles of self-development and individualism on balance with conservative values, such as self-sacrifice. He wrote that he wanted to feel his radical beliefs with greater ardor. In the 1930s, Abbott worked for the
Works Progress Administration in
Washington, D.C. He died in New York City on March 19, 1953. ==Personal life==