Early life and education Leonid Kadenyuk was born on 28 January 1951 in the village of
Klishkivtsi in the
Khotyn Raion of the
Chernivtsi Oblast in Ukraine, to a family of rural teachers. In 1967, he graduated from high school with a silver medal, after which he entered the
Chernihiv Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots. After graduating from the Aviation School in 1971 and receiving a diploma as a pilot-engineer specializing in aircraft pilotry/operations, he worked as a pilot-instructor.
USSR pilotry and military service Kadenyuk was a Soviet military pilot. He began his service in the
Soviet Air Forces and was selected in 1976 for the
Soviet Cosmonaut Corps. In 1977 he graduated from the Test Pilot Training Center. He received a diploma and qualification "
test pilot". In 1977–1979, he underwent general space training and qualified as a test astronaut. Between 1984 and 1988 Kadenyuk was a
test pilot of the State Research Institute of the
USSR Air Force. In 1989 he graduated from the
Moscow Aviation Institute – Faculty of Aircraft. Between 1988 and 1990 he underwent engineering and flight training in the
Buran program as commander of the planned Soviet reusable spacecraft. He was removed from a team of test pilots of
Buran due to marital issues. He was allowed to rejoin the Cosmonaut Detachment several years later. He took part in working out the
glide path of descent for landing the spacecraft
Buran using
MiG-31 and
MiG-25 aircraft. Between 1990 and 1992, under the full program, he was trained as the commander of the transport ship
Soyuz-TM.
Post-Ukrainian independence With the
break-up of the Soviet Union, Kadenyuk remained in the
Russian Space Forces and adopted Ukrainian
citizenship. In 1995 he was selected to the group of astronauts of the
National Space Agency of Ukraine. Preparing for space flight, from April to October 1996 he worked as a researcher at the Department of Phytohormonology of the Kholodny Institute of Botany of the
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
1997 flight with Space Shuttle Columbia 's in-flight crew portrait, including
Steven W. Lindsey;
Takao Doi;
Winston E. Scott;
Kevin R. Kregel;
Kalpana Chawla; and Kadenyuk. He was trained by
NASA for a space flight on
Space Shuttle Columbia's mission
STS-87 as a payload specialist. There were two main candidates for the mission, the other being
Yaroslav Pustovyi, a civil Ukrainian scientist in space research. As the more experienced one, Kadenyuk was chosen as the primary candidate for the mission, and Pustovy became Kadenyuk's backup. During the preparation for space flights and in the process of test work he underwent unique engineering and flight training. He studied the
Soyuz,
Soyuz-TM,
Buran spacecraft, the Salyut orbital station, the Mir orbital complex, and the
US Space Shuttle. He was trained to conduct scientific experiments on board spacecraft in various fields: biology, medicine, metrology, ecology, study of natural resources of the Earth from space, geology, astronomy, geobotany. From 19 November to 5 December 1997, he made a space flight on the American Space Shuttle
Columbia, mission STS-87. The 24th flight of Columbia took place with the participation of Leonid Kadenyuk on 19 November 1997, launched from the
Kennedy Space Center. In the laboratory module "Spacelab" scientific experiments in the fields of astrobiology, physics and materials science were carried out, astronauts were also scheduled to go into outer space.
plant growth experiment while aboard the Columbia'', January 1998 During his flight with shuttle Columbia, he performed biological experiments of a joint Ukrainian-American scientific study with three species of plants: turnip, soybean and moss. The main purpose of the experiments was to study the effect of weightlessness on the photosynthetic apparatus of plants, on fertilization and embryo development, on gene expression in soybean and turnip tissues, on the content of phytohormones in turnip plants, on hydrocarbon metabolism and ultrastructure of soybean sprout cells. In addition to these experiments in space flight, experiments were performed by the Institute of Systems Human Research on the topic "Man and the state of weightlessness." On 27 November, the 9th day of the flight, the first connection with Ukraine was scheduled. For the first time from space, a citizen of Ukraine had a dialogue with his country. From the astronaut's memoirs: "7 days before the launch, a special regime was introduced for our crew in order to prevent infectious diseases – quarantine. It excludes the possibility of astronauts in public places and any outside contacts. We were also isolated from families. At the same time, the astronauts are not only under the close supervision of doctors, but also under the supervision of psychologists." , January 1998 Leonid Kostyantynovych recalls: "Every free minute I and my colleagues used to observe and photograph the Earth and space. Such classes were the most popular, and I considered them another impressive and extremely interesting experiment aboard the "Columbia"". The day in Ukraine begins with the Anthem. Therefore, Leonid Kostyantynovych ordered it to signal the awakening of the crew, which was broadcast from the Flight Control Center on board the "Columbia". Each member of the crew chose a melody to their liking. Thus, the anthem of our state twice sounded in space over the entire planet.
Later pilot career After the flight, Leonid Kadenyuk continued his
Ukrainian space program career at the
State Space Agency of Ukraine. He participated in the development and testing of aerospace systems, in their sketch and layout design, as well as in-flight tests of systems. He flew more than 50 types and modifications of aircraft for various purposes, mainly on fighters, as well as on the
American training aircraft Northrop T-38. Kadenyuk was appointed
Major general of the
Armed Forces of Ukraine in 1998 and became Deputy Inspector General of the General Military Inspectorate under the
President of Ukraine for Aviation and Cosmonautics.
Political career In the
2002 parliamentary election, he was elected to the
Verkhovna Rada in the list of pro-
Kuchma United Ukraine Bloc. Later, Kadenyuk joined the "
Trudova Ukrayina – Industrialists and Entrepreneurs" faction, but had not been politically active. He worked within parliament's Committee on Defense and National Security. In the
2006 parliamentary election, Kadenyuk was No. 3 in the electoral party list of
Lytvyn's People's Bloc, but the block won only 2.44% of the popular vote (short of the required 3%) and no seats in the parliament.
Writings Kadenyuk is the author of 5 scientific papers. The book "Mission – Space", published in 2009 by Pulsary Publishing House, won first place in the Book of the Year 2009 competition in the Horizons category. The book was republished in 2017 by Novy Druk Publishing House. == Awards and honors ==