Flaviviridae

Virus particles are enveloped and spherical with icosahedral-like geometries that have pseudo T=3 symmetry. They are about 40–60 nm in diameter. == Life cycle ==

(JEV) Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral envelope protein E to host receptors, which mediates clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Replication follows the positive-stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive-stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by viral initiation. The virion assembles by budding through intracellular membranes and exits the host cell by exocytosis. ==Host range and evolutionary history==

A wide variety of natural hosts are used by different members of the Flaviviridae, including fish, mammals including humans and various invertebrates, such as those specific to mollusks and crustaceans. The genomes of these flaviviruses show close synteny with that of the yellow fever virus. One flavivirus, the Wenzhou shark flavivirus, infects both Pacific spadenose sharks (Scoliodon macrorhynchos) and Gazami crabs (Portunus trituberculatus) with overlapping ranges, raising the possibility of a two-host marine lifecycle. Flavivirus endogenous viral elements, traces of flavivirus genomes integrated into the host's DNA, are found in many species, including a tadpole shrimp Lepidurus articus, the water flea Daphnia magna and a freshwater jellyfish Craspedacusta sowerbii, suggesting ancient coevolution between animal and flavivirus lineages. Many of the well-known members of the family causing disease in vertebrates are transmitted via arthropod vectors (ticks and mosquitoes). == Taxonomy ==

The Flaviviridae are part of RNA virus supergroup II, which includes certain plant viruses and bacterial viruses. As more viruses particularly classified under separate genera became established, the names became confusing. The ICTV therefore resolved in 2023 that the genus Flavivirus should be replaced with Orthoflavivirus and that the common names can be used for the entire family. The family has the following genera: • Guaicovirus • Jingmenvirus • Orthoflavivirus • Tamanavirus • Termitovirus ==Clinical importance==

Major diseases caused by members of the family Flaviviridae include: ==References==