Archduke (butterfly)

Lexias pardalis and L. dirtea are also among the most colourful archdukes. Sexual dichromatism is however extreme, with the two sexes appearing entirely different. The males' dorsal wing surfaces are a dramatic combination of velvety black forewings and metallic blue green to violet covering the margins of the forewings and hindwings. The females' dorsal wing surfaces are a drab brown, with small yellowish white spots. Both sexes have drab ventral wings, presumably as a means of camouflage. The dramatic colours of the males are thought to play a role in intraspecies communication, both by signalling to other males when defending territory, and by attracting females. L. pardalis and L. dirtea, two commonly farmed species, are nearly identical and often confused, but they can be distinguished by their differing antennae: the dorsal surface of L. pardalis antennae tips are yellow orange, whereas they are black in L. dirtea. ==Life cycle==

Caterpillars of the genus are protected from predators by their long spinous bristles. Archduke chrysalids are pale green and angular in shape; they may be up to 30 mm in length. Calophyllum trees are host to the caterpillars of Southeast Asian archdukes. The observed readiness of Southeast Asian species to feed on both decaying fruit (of Garcinia tree species) and the nectar of flowers suggests that these species inhabit the forest periphery. Because both types of food are common in this habitat, the Southeast Asian archdukes have not become specialised in feeding on one or the other, as is usual in butterflies. Archdukes are found primarily in virgin forests and are attracted to sunlit areas such as clearings and paths. ==Butterfly farming==

Several archduke species are raised in large numbers on butterfly farms for the specimen collecting market and for live sale to butterfly conservatories. The most commonly farmed species are L. pardalis and L. dirtea. ==Species==

In alphabetical order: • Lexias acutipenna Chou & Li, 1994 • Lexias aeetes (Hewitson, 1861) • Lexias aegle (Doherty, 1891) • Lexias aeropa (Linnaeus, 1758) – orange-banded plane • Lexias albopunctata (Crowley, 1895) • Lexias bangkana (Hagen, 1892) • Lexias canescens (Butler, [1869]) - yellow archduke • Lexias cyanipardus (Butler, [1869]) – great archduke • Lexias damalis (Erichson, 1834) • Lexias dirtea (Fabricius, 1793) – archduke • Lexias elna (van de Poll, 1895) • Lexias hikarugenzi Tsukada & Nishiyama, 1980 • Lexias immaculata (Snellen, 1890) • Lexias panopus C. & R. Felder, 1861 • Lexias pardalis (Moore, 1878) • Lexias perdix (Butler, 1884) • Lexias satrapes C. & R. Felder, 1861 Images File:Lexias aeropa.jpg|L. aeropa File:Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies Adolias III.jpg|L. satrapes File:Lexias aeetes.jpg|L. aeetes File:Lexias pardalis - ventral.jpg|L. pardalis (male) File:Lexias pardalis - dorsal.jpg|L. pardalis (male) File:Nymphalidae - Lexias pardalis.jpg|L. pardalis (male) File:Lexias pardalis up 051028 3383 stgd.jpg|L. pardalis (male) File:Nymphalidae - Lexias dirtea.JPG|L. dirtea (male) File:RN026 Adolias dirtea female.jpg|L. dirtea (female) File:Lexias canescens.jpg|L. canescens (female) File:LexiasDirteaJavanaSeitz.jpg|L. dirtea javana (female) File:LexiasDirteaKhasianaMSeitz.jpg|L. dirtea khasiana (male) File:LexiasDirteaKhasianaFSeitz.jpg|L. dirtea khasiana (female) File:AdoliasCyanipardus215 1.jpg|L. cyanipardus (male) File:AdoliasCyanipardus215 1a.jpg|L. cyanipardus File:AdoliasCyanipardus215 1b.jpg|L. cyanipardus (female) File:AdoliasAlbopunctata216 1.jpg|L. albopunctata (male) File:AdoliasAlbopunctata216 1a.jpg|L. albopunctata File:AdoliasAlbopunctata216 1b.jpg|L. albopunctata (female) File:AdoliasAlbopunctata216 1c.jpg|L. albopunctata File:Lexias satrapes male.JPG|L. satrapes (male) ==References==