, an Afrikaner politician who became South African prime minister , Afrikaner nationalistic monument in honour of the people that took part in the
Great Trek. The architect
Gerard Moerdijk described it as a "monument that would stand thousands of years to describe the history and the meaning of the Great Trek to its descendants". The
Union of South Africa's entry into
World War I on the side of the
Allies, automatically undertaken as an extension of the
British entry into the war, aroused Afrikaner nationalist resentment due to recent memories of the
South African War. After the repression of the
Maritz rebellion against the government,
J. B. M. Hertzog founded the
National Party as an Afrikaner nationalist party. Hertzog led the National Party the
1915 and
1920 elections under the slogan "South Africa first" to create a South Africa independent from the British influence. In the
1924 elections he defeated the
South African Party led by
Jan Smuts, after Smuts had used force to end the
Rand Revolt of white miners in 1922, and stayed in power for 15 years in a coalition government with the
Labour Party. During his reign, he steadily promoted Afrikaner nationalism while deepening the racial segregation in the country.
Broederbond leadership in 1918 During the 1930s a group of
Broederbond members shaped Afrikaner nationalistic ideology, by trying to create a common "
Christian-republican" identity for white, Afrikaans speaking South Africans as well as introducing the idea of
Volkskapitalisme (people's capitalism) that tried to take control from the allegedly "British" or "Jewish"
Capitalism and adapt it to Afrikaner culture.
Volkskapitalisme strived to improve the economic conditions of the Afrikaners who in general at the time were less well-off than the English-speaking whites in South Africa. In practice the program consisted of utilising Afrikaner investment into both new and existing Afrikaner businesses. Although
volkskapitalisme managed to develop some Afrikaner businesses, such as
Sanlam and
Santam (to provide Afrikaners with financial aid) into corporate giants that still have a central role in
South African economy, ultimately the economic benefits for the majority of the poor Afrikaners were slim. The Bible was translated into Afrikaans by
J. D. du Toit, E. E. van Rooyen, J. D. Kestell, H. C. M. Fourie and
BB Keet in 1933.
Rise to power South African opposition to the country's involvement in both wars against
Imperial and
Nazi Germany led directly to the National Party's rise to power in the 1948 elections, the implementation of
apartheid, and culminating finally in Afrikaner mobilisation in 1961; when South Africa voted to leave the
British Commonwealth and become a
republic.
Emerging conflicts During the 1960s a split emerged among the Afrikaner electorate over the issue of how to preserve a distinct identity in a multi-ethnic society: one faction insisted on preserving the national identity through strict isolation, while others thought that such barriers needed to be relaxed. Evidence of this manifested itself in the 1970 election as a radical
splinter group from the National Party, the
Herstigte Nasionale Party, got 3.59% of the vote compared to the National Party's 54.86%. The gulf widened further during the 1980s partly due to international pressure against apartheid. The organisation was consumed with personal and militant scandals in the late 1980s and early 1990s which led to a diminished support. This organisation however, never garnered substantial Afrikaner support and which substantial support was retained by the National Party until its dissolution. In the 1990s the National Party acknowledged the failure of its ethnic project and under the leadership of
F. W. De Klerk dismantled the political system set up from 1948. After apartheid, Afrikaner nationalism lost most of its support. The most well known example of Afrikaner Nationalism after 1994 is the Afrikaner town of
Orania in the Northern Cape,
South Africa. The town was founded in 1991 with the explicit goals of preserving the Afrikaner culture, language and religion. Only Afrikaners are allowed to stay, live and work in Orania. Although it has mostly disappeared from publicity, Afrikaner nationalism is kept alive through such political initiatives as the
Cyber Republic of the Boer Nation, which claims to be "the only white indigenous tribe in Southern Africa" and has tried to appeal to the UN
Working Group on Indigenous Populations for the protection of
cultural,
linguistic and
religious rights of people around the world. In 1996 and 2005, Afrikaner nationalists submitted petitions claiming indigenous status to the UN. The claims were rejected on the grounds that Afrikaners were not marginalised or discriminated against, nor did Afrikaners meet the criteria to be indigenous. Also some marginal right wing political parties, such as the Herstigte Nasionale Party, still declare their goal to be the "unashamed promotion of Afrikaner nationalism".
Front National (South Africa); a political party in South Africa also emerged in the post-apartheid years promoting Afrikaner Nationalism. The party is linked to
South Africa Today media outlet that reports about
South African farm attacks and other issues that affect white South Africans. The tradition of Christian-national education is continued by the
Movement for Christian-National Education () which educates the youth about the
Boere-Afrikaner volk in the Afrikaner Calvinist tradition, Boer culture and history as well as in the Afrikaans language. The
Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging has largely been inactive in South Africa since the demise of apartheid, although in 2008, the organisation was reactivated and is actively seeking an Afrikaner secessionist state within South Africa. On 3 April 2010,
Eugene Terre'Blanche, leader of the AWB, was murdered on his farm. The
Suidlanders is a
survivalist Afrikaner group. == Afrikaner nationalist parties ==