, the largest purpose-built business district of Europe, with 3.35 million m² (36 million sq. ft) of office space. Île-de-France produced €742 billion (
gross domestic product) or around 1/3 of the
economy of France in 2019. The regional economy has gradually shifted toward high-value-added service industries (finance, IT services etc.) and high-tech manufacturing (electronics, optics, aerospace etc.). In 2014, industry represented just under five percent of active enterprises in the region, and 10.2 percent of salaried workers. Commerce and services account for 84 percent of the business establishments in the region, and have 83.3 percent of the salaried employees. Financial services and insurance are important sectors of the regional economy; the major French banks and insurance companies, including
BNP Paribas,
Société Générale and , all have their headquarters in the region. The region also hosts the headquarters of the top French telecom companies and utilities, including
Orange S.A.,
Veolia and
EDF. The French stock market, the
Bourse de Paris, now known as
Euronext Paris, occupies a historical building in the center of Paris and is ranked fourth among global stock markets, after New York, Tokyo and London. Other major sectors of the regional economy include energy companies (
Orano,
Engie,
Électricité de France and
Total S.A.). The two major French automobile manufacturers,
Renault, in
Flins-sur-Seine, and
Groupe PSA, in
Poissy, do much of their assembly work outside France but still have research centre and large plants in the region. The leading French and European aerospace and defense companies, including
Airbus,
Thales Group,
Dassault Aviation,
Safran Aircraft Engines, the
European Space Agency,
Alcatel-Lucent, and
Arianespace, have a large presence in the region. Charles de Gaulle is the busiest airport within the
European Union. In terms of cargo traffic, the airport is the second busiest in Europe, after
Frankfurt, handling 1,914,681 tonnes of cargo in 2024.
Orly Airport also remains the busiest French airport for domestic traffic and the
second busiest French airport overall in passenger traffic, with 33,123,027 passengers in 2024. The energy sector is also well established in the region. The nuclear power industry, with its major firm being
Orano, has its headquarters in Île-de-France, as does the main French oil company
Total S.A., the top French company in the Fortune Global 500, and the main electric utility,
Électricité de France. The energy firm
Engie also has its main offices in the region at
La Défense. File:Tour-Total.jpg|Headquarters of
Total in
La Défense File:Palais Brongniart Paris.jpg|The historic Bourse de Paris, or Paris stock market, now called
Euronext Paris File:ToursSocieteGenerale.jpg|Headquarters of
Société Générale in
La Défense Employment In 2018 just 7.2 percent of employees in the region were engaged in industry; 62.3 percent were engaged in commerce and market services; 25.5 percent in non-market services, including government, health and education; 4.8 percent in construction; and 0.2 percent in agriculture. The largest non-government employers in the region as of the end of 2015 were the airline
Air France (40,657); the
SNCF (French Railways, 31,955); the telecom firm
Orange S.A. (31,497); the bank
Société Générale (27,361); the automotive firm
Groupe PSA (19,648);
EDF (Electricité de France, 18,199); and
Renault (18,136). While the Petite Couronne, or departments closest to Paris, previously employed the most industrial workers, the largest number is now in the Grande Couronne, the outer departments.
Agriculture In 2018, 48 percent of the land of the Île-de-France was devoted to agriculture; 569,000 hectares were cultivated. The most important crops are grains (66 percent), followed by beets (7 percent), largely for industrial use, and grass for grazing. In 2014, 9,495 hectares were devoted to bio-agriculture. However, the number of persons employed in agriculture in the region dropped 33 percent between 2000 and 2015 to just 8,460 persons in 2015. ==Tourism==