The oldest and largest privately owned art collection in the
Czech Republic, the Lobkowicz Collection draws its significance from its comprehensive nature, reflecting the cultural, social, political and economic life of
Central Europe for over seven centuries. In 1907,
Max Dvořák, a prominent member of the
Vienna School of Art History, created the first complete catalogue of the Collections. After the restitution laws in the early 1990s, the Lobkowicz family was able to reassemble most of the collection, subsequently making it available to the public for the first time.
Paintings The Lobkowicz Collections comprise approximately 1,500 paintings, including famous works by artists including
Pieter Brueghel the Elder,
Pieter Brueghel the Younger,
Jan Brueghel the Elder,
Bellotto,
Lucas Cranach the Elder,
Lucas Cranach the Younger,
Diego Velázquez,
Peter Paul Rubens,
Paolo Veronese and
Canaletto. The collections also include: an extensive collection of Spanish portraits; Central European portraits by
Hans von Aachen and the
School of Prague;
Dutch,
Flemish and
German genre paintings; and over 50 paintings and watercolors of Lobkowicz residences by
Carl Robert Croll. The three most prestigious artworks in the collection are
The Hay Harvest (1565) by Pieter Brueghel the Elder, and two panoramic views of
London by
Canaletto. Other notable works include:
Hygieia Nourishing the Sacred Serpent (c. 1614) by the Flemish master,
Peter Paul Rubens;
The Virgin and Child with Saints Barbara and Catherine (c. 1520) by
Lucas Cranach the Elder;
Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery (c. 1530) by
Lucas Cranach the Younger;
Caritas Romana (early-mid 16th century) by
Georg Pencz and smaller paintings such as
A Village in Winter (c. 1600) by
Pieter Brueghel the Younger and
St. Martin Dividing his Cloak (1611) by
Jan Brueghel the Elder. Venetian painting of the 16th century is represented by
Paolo Veronese's
David with the Head of Goliath (1575). The
Italian baroque collection includes a prayerful
Madonna by
Giovanni Battista Salvi, and paintings by
Francesco del Cairo,
Antonio Zanchi and
Giovanni Paolo Pannini. The principal Lobkowicz residences and estates—
Roudnice nad Labem,
Nelahozeves,
Jezeří and
Bílina—are depicted in oils and watercolors, commissioned from the 19th-century German painter
Carl Robert Croll. The portraits contained in The Collections reflect the Lobkowicz family's participation in European political and cultural life. The collection includes full-length Spanish portraits of Pernstejns, Lobkowiczes, Rožmberks and related members of European and ruling Habsburg dynasties by painters such as
Alonso Sánchez Coello,
Juan Pantoja de la Cruz,
Jacob Seisenegger and
Hans Krell. Among the 17th and the 18th century works in the collection is the Spanish
Infanta Margarita Theresa (c. 1655), attributed to
Diego Velázquez. Later portraits of members of the Lobkowicz family are by Viennese portraitists of the 19th century such as
Franz Schrotzberg and
Friedrich von Amerling. The collection of paintings is accompanied by an extensive collection of graphics and drawings, including a set of engravings of
Rome by
Giovanni Battista Piranesi.
Decorative arts While not as well known as the paintings, books and music associated with the Lobkowiczes, decorative and sacred arts objects, dating from the 13th through the 20th centuries, form a significant part of The Collections. During the
Nazi occupation of Czechoslovakia and the later
period of Communist rule, the private chapels in the family’s principal residences were desecrated and their contents dispersed. Important artefacts survived, including a 12th-century reliquary cross of rock crystal and gilded copper. The gold reliquary head of a female saint, possibly
St. Ursula, dated c. 1300 and known as the Jezeri Bust, was found in a trunk of theatrical props. It is now on display in the Lobkowicz Palace. Late-Renaissance and early-baroque ceramics from Italy feature prominently in the collections. Several pieces of colorful
Deruta ware are considered to be among the earliest Italian ceramics brought back to
Bohemia. Ordered during a trip to Italy in 1551, the pieces are colourfully decorated with an image of a bull, which was the
Pernstejn family crest. By the late 17th century,
Chinese hard-paste porcelain had become the great obsession of
European rulers and aristocrats. The
Dutch workshops at
Delft created tin-glazed earthenware that was an early
European imitation of the expensive
Chinese ware. Around 1680 when he was Imperial Envoy to the
Netherlands,
Wenzel Ferdinand, Count Lobkowicz of Bilina, commissioned a personalized work, designed with intricate overlapping letters of his initials WL. With 150 pieces, the set is the largest surviving Delft dinner service. A selection of pieces are on display at the Lobkowicz Palace Museum. In the spring of 2000, over sixty pieces from this service were lent to the
Rijksmuseum,
Amsterdam, to be displayed as part of the "Glory of the Golden Age" exhibition. The
Meissen factory outside
Dresden discovered how to produce hard-paste porcelain in the first decade of the 18th century, for the first time outside of
Asia. As a result of the factory’s proximity to the Lobkowicz landholdings and castles, 18th and 19th century examples of these porcelain works are prevalent in the collections, ranging from the earlier delicate chinoiserie motifs to the more traditional European elements and designs with fruits and flowers. Some of the cabinetmaking and marquetry in the Collections come from the
Eger craftsmen who worked in Western Bohemia in the 17th century. Several Eger jewelry cabinets are considered among the finest ever produced. Other pieces include caskets, tables and games boards, which are lavishly inlaid with ivory, mother-of-pearl and tortoiseshell, depicting landscapes, animals and classical motifs.
Music The Music Archive of the Lobkowicz Collection holds over 5,000 items. Originally housed in
The Lobkowicz Library at the principal family seat of
Roudnice Castle, the entire archive was confiscated, first by the Nazis in 1941, and again by the Communist regime, which sent it to the
Czech Museum of Music. In October 1998, the Music Archive was returned to the family in its entirety and moved to
Nelahozeves Castle under the auspices of the Roudnice-Lobkowicz Foundation. The Music Archive, established by
Ferdinand August, 3rd Prince of Lobkowicz, was assembled over three centuries by principal members of the family who were not only enthusiastic collectors, but patrons of the arts and also often talented performers. The Music Archive contains works by over five hundred composers and musicians. These include a rare collection of late 17th- and early 18th-century
lute,
mandolin and
guitar scores. This collection, regarded as the world’s largest private collection of
baroque music for plucked instruments, has a particularly extensive collection of works by French composers, including
Denis Gaultier and
Ennemond Gaultier,
Jacques de Saint-Luc,
Charles Mouton, and
Jacques Gallot. The Music Archive is most noted, however, for its late 18th- and early 19th-century collection, including works by
Handel,
Mozart,
Haydn and
Beethoven, including Beethoven’s
Third (Eroica),
Fourth and
Fifth symphonies, and Mozart’s hand written re-orchestration of
Handel’s Messiah.
Philip Hyacinth, 4th Prince of Lobkowicz, and his second wife, Anna Wilhelmina Althan, were both distinguished lutenists and the prince was an accomplished composer as well. Both were taught by some of the finest contemporary lutenists, including
Sylvius Leopold Weiss and Andreas Bohr, and their fine period instruments remain part of the collections. Their son,
Ferdinand Philip, the sixth prince, played the glass harmonica and championed the son of one of the family's foresters, the opera composer
Christoph Willibald Gluck. The family member who had the greatest impact on the history of Western music, however, was the 7th prince,
Joseph Franz Maximilian. A talented singer, violinist and perhaps cellist, the 7th prince was a major patron of
Beethoven, who dedicated his
Third (Eroica), Fifth, and
Sixth (Pastoral) symphonies to the Prince, as well as other works. It was the annual stipend provided by the Prince (and continued by his son until the composer’s death),
Archduke Rudolf and
Prince Ferdinand Kinsky, that allowed
Beethoven the freedom to compose without dependence on commissions and time-consuming teaching. In addition to the manuscripts and printed music, the collections include musical instruments from house orchestras that performed in the various family residences at
Jezeří and
Roudnice nad Labem in
Northern Bohemia, as well as in
Vienna. Also on display are lutes from the 16th and 17th centuries by
Maler,
Tieffenbrucker and Unverdorben; a 17th-century guitar; violins of Italian, German and Czech origin (
Gasparo da Salo,
Jacob Stainer, Eberle, Hellmer, Rauch); contrabasses from Edlinger and
Jacob Stainer;
Guarneri and
Kulik violoncelli; 18th-century Viennese wind instruments and a pair of copper martial kettledrums. A rare item in the collection is a suite of six elaborately decorated silver trumpets made in 1716 by Michael Leichamschneider of
Vienna – one of only two documented sets in existence. The Nelahozeves Castle Music Room displays a
spinet dated 1799 by imperial court instrument maker Engelbert Klingler, a contrabass by Anton Posch and other string instruments as well as two pairs of copper and bronze kettledrums.
Military and hunting equipment Hunting was an important activity for Central European nobility from the late Renaissance period onwards, and all of the major Lobkowicz properties served as venues for hunting. Bearing witness to these hunting parties and their participants are hundreds of mounted trophies in the Lobkowicz Collections, dating from the 18th to the early 20th centuries. The social aspects of the hunt are also reflected in the numerous paintings and graphics by local artists in the collection, among them pictures of favourite horses, dogs and trophies. The central part of the hunting-related exhibitions, however, is the firearms themselves, which are displayed in two armoury rooms at Lobkowicz Palace, while further items from the collection are held at
Nelahozeves Castle. The majority of these rifles and pistols were produced locally for the family between 1650 and 1750, by the 17th-century
Prague workshops of Adam Brand, Paul Ignatius Poser, the Neireiter family and Leopold Becher, as well as
Roudnice craftsmen such as Johannes Lackner and Adel Friedrich during the mid-18th century. These exhibits reflect the patronage of the
Lobkowicz family, who provided the gun makers with large orders for guns for many centuries. The collection features a group of identical flintlock rifles produced for the
Lobkowicz Militia in the 18th century, one of the largest collections of such items. Additional weapons came from
Silesia, while the most elaborate 18th-century rifles and pistols (some in the
Turkish manner) with mother-of-pearl inlay were produced in
Vienna. Goldsmiths and silversmiths specializing in inlay were employed to decorate guns, rifles, crossbows and powder flasks of the finest quality. The palace housed an exhibition of the work
Illustrated geography and history of Bohemia by Bavarian cartographer
Mauritius Vogt. The exhibition ran until 31 May 2015. == Lobkowicz Collections o.p.s. ==