Manchester Airport opened in 1938 funded by
Manchester Corporation, and has remained in public ownership ever since. It is the third-busiest airport in the United Kingdom after
Heathrow and
Gatwick, and is fractionally busier than
Stansted (see
Busiest airports in the United Kingdom by total passenger traffic). The
M56 motorway was built to serve the airport in 1972, a
rail station opened in 1993 along with Terminal 2 and a second runway was completed in 2001. In 1999, Manchester Airport bought
Humberside Airport marking its arrival as an airport management company. In 2000,
National Express put both
East Midlands and
Bournemouth Airport up for sale - both of which were sold for £241 million to MAG in 2001. Consequently, the councils of Greater Manchester saw it fit to create a dedicated holding company to manage this portfolio at arm's length. Manchester Airports Group was formed in 2001 to own and operate Manchester Airport and the other smaller acquisitions. MAG runs airport service-related businesses including baggage handling and ground services, car parking, fire-fighting, airport security, engineering, motor transport services and advertising. The property and development arm of MAG, previously known as MADL (Manchester Airport Developments), was rebranded as
MAG Developments in early 2009. The Group reported 2007/08 profits of £96.5m and decided in 2008 to sell Humberside Airport after 9 years of ownership. However this decision was reversed later in the year following a surge in passenger numbers and little interest from potential bidders. However, MAG sold its 83.7% share of Humberside in 2012 for £2.3 million to Eastern Group who operate nearly half of all flights there amid a return to a general decline of passenger numbers for small regional airport and desire to focus on larger airports. MAG in partnership with a Canadian pension fund and financial assets unsuccessfully bid for
London Gatwick Airport, this followed a report by the
Competition Commission into BAA's market dominance in
London/
South East England and
Scotland forcing it to sell off some of its airports. MAG made a £1.4 billion offer to acquire Gatwick Airport in 2009. Originally BAA wanted £2 billion for the airport, but eventually came down to an asking price of £1.5 billion. However, MAG refused to arrange a further £100 million of finance and consequently pulled out of the race. In 2011 the proposed
Airport City Manchester office and commercial space development abutting the airport became one of the Governments new low tax Enterprise Zones, the zones featured include World Logistics Hub to the south of the airport offering logistics and air freight, Airport City to the north of the airport offering office and high-tech manufacturing, MediPark around
Wythenshawe Hospital for medical and clinical firms alongside several retail, office and business parks inside the town of Wythenshawe itself. The Group are focused on delivering the £659 million
Manchester Airport City. Planning permission for the Airport City development was confirmed on 17 January 2013 and construction work is due to begin in February 2013. On 18 January 2013, it was announced that MAG would purchase
Stansted Airport from
Heathrow Airport Holdings for £1.5 billion. IFM Investors purchased a 35.5% stake in MAG to help fund the takeover. The sale was completed on 28 February 2013. In June 2023, the company announced the appointment of Ken O'Toole as its chief executive from 1 October 2023. ==Corporate structure and ownership==