,
rochet, a mantelletta and a
mozzetta The mantelletta is probably connected with the
mantellum of the cardinals in the "Ordo" of
Gregory X (1271–1276) and with the mantellum of the prelates in the "Ordo" of
Petrus Amelius (d. 1401), which was a vestment similar to a
scapular. Before 1969, it was worn instead of the
mozzetta over the
rochet by any
bishop outside his place of jurisdiction. A symbol of prelacy, but also of limitation, it was therefore always worn by auxiliary bishops (who were never in their own dioceses), by a
metropolitan archbishop only when outside of his province, and by a bishop only when outside of his diocese. Within their own areas of jurisdiction they wore the mozzetta instead. The mantelletta was also worn by cardinals (who wore it under the mozzetta) only when in the city of Rome, as a symbol of the cardinal's rank throughout the church (hence they wore only the mozzetta even outside their own dioceses), but in deference to the pope's authority when in his home diocese (thus the only place where they wore the mantelletta). It was likewise the ordinary choir dress for several classes of
monsignor, the so-called
prelati di mantelletta ("prelates of mantelletta"): the
protonotaries apostolic de numero (the highest class of monsignor), domestic prelates (now called "prelates of honor") who are also addressed as "monsignor," and others who had been granted the privilege to wear it, including auditors of the
Sacred Roman Rota and a few other high functionaries of the Vatican if they were not bishops. Certain chapters of
canons have also been specifically granted the privilege. The colour for
cardinals was ordinarily red, in penitential seasons and for times of mourning it was violet, on
Gaudete and
Laetare Sundays rose-colour; for the other dignitaries, the same distinctions being made, the colour was violet or black with a violet border. Cardinals and bishops belonging to orders which have a distinctive dress, also
abbots who are entitled to wear the mantelletta, retain for it the colour of the habit of the order (gray for Franciscans, black for Dominicans, white for Cistercians, etc.). The vestment was made of silk only when it is worn by cardinals or by bishops or prelates belonging to the papal court. Under reforms enacted by
Pope Paul VI and specified by an instruction of the
Secretariat of State in 1969, the mantelletta was abolished for cardinals and bishops, who now wear the
mozzetta when appropriate. The violet mantelletta is no longer used except by a handful of prelates who reside in Rome, primarily the seven remaining apostolic protonotaries
de numero and a few superior prelates of the offices of the Roman Curia if they are not bishops. It is now effectively a garment of the diocese of Rome; other monsignors do not use it. According to Noonan, the proper color of the mantelletta for chapters of canons who still wear it is grey or black with colored trim. ==Mantellone==