The following includes a complete list of crown cardinal-protectors in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries:
Of Hungary •
Pietro Isvalies (1507–1511) •
Giulio de Medici (?– 1523)
Of Austria , crown-cardinal of Austria, was the last to exercise the
jus exclusivae.
Protectors: • 1523–1531:
Lorenzo Pucci • 1532–1535:
Giovanni Salviati • 1540–1542:
Girolamo Aleandro • 1542–1555:
Marcello Cervini • 1555–1580:
Giovanni Girolamo Morone • 1580–1600:
Andreas von Österreich • 1603–1634:
Franz von Dietrichstein • 1635–1638:
Ippolito Aldobrandini • 1638–1642:
Maurizio di Savoia • 1655–1667:
Ernst Adalbert von Harrach •
Federico Sforza (1664–1666, substitute protector of
Habsburg hereditary lands) •
Antonio Barberini (1633? – 1671) •
Paluzzo Paluzzi Altieri degli Albertoni (1671–1698) •
Giuseppe Renato Imperiali (1706–1737) •
Neri Maria Corsini (1737–1770) •
Mario Marefoschi (1771–1780) •
Gregorio Salviati (1781–1794) •
Carlo Livizzani Forni (1794–1802)
Of Scotland Of France , cardinal protector of France, anointing Queen Dowager
Marie de Medici in 1610 The
King of France historically had only one cardinal protector at a time, The crown-cardinal of France was also abbot
in commendam of several French abbeys. There was traditionally at least one resident French cardinal in the
Roman Curia during the first half of the sixteenth century, but Louis XII and Francis I chose three successive Italian cardinals as protector of France thereafter. • 1549–1572:
Ippolito II d'Este • 1573–1586:
Luigi d'Este • 1587–1615:
François de Joyeuse • Vice-protector
Arnaud d'Ossat (1599–1604) • Vice-protector
François de La Rochefoucald (October 1609–May 1611) • 1616–1620:
Alessandro Orsini •
Guido Bentivoglio (vice-protector from 1621 until 1636) • 1518–1539:
Lorenzo Campeggio • 1540–1540:
Pedro Fernández Manrique • 1540–1542:
Girolamo Aleander • 1542–1550:
Innocenzo Cibo • 1550–1557:
Juan Álvarez de Toledo • 1557–1573:
Otto Truchsess von Waldburg • 1573–1600:
Ludovico Madruzzo • 1603–1611:
Ottavio Paravicini • 1611–1633:
Scipione Borghese • 1635/36:
Franz von Dietrichstein • 1636–1642:
Moritz von Savoyen • 1644–1666:
Girolamo Colonna • 1666–1682:
Friedrich von Hessen-Darmstadt • 1682–1689:
Carlo Pio di Savoia • 1689–1701:
Francesco Maria de' Medici • 1701–1707:
Leopold von Kollonitsch • 1707–1712:
Johann Philipp von Lamberg • 1712–1725:
Christian August von Sachsen-Zeitz • 1726–1738:
Wolfgang von Schrattenbach • 1738–1751:
Sigismund von Kollonitsch • 1751–1758:
Ferdinand Julius von Troyer • 1758–1765:
vacant • 1765–1779:
Alessandro Albani • 1779–1800:
Franziskus Herzan von Harras Vice-protectors and co-protectors • 1517–1530:
Lorenzo Pucci • 1530–1532:
Wilhelm van Enkevoirt • 1534–1539:
Alessandro Cesarini • 1538–1540:
Girolamo Ghinucci • 1540–1542:
Alessandro Farnese • 1542–1550:
Juan Álvarez de Toledo • 1550–1553:
Bernardino Maffei • 1557–1559:
Pedro Pacheco de Villena • 1558–1568:
Clemente Dolera • 1587–1593:
Filippo Spinola • 1594–1600:
Ottavio Paravicini • 1621–1625:
Eitel Friedrich von Hohenzollern • 1625–1644:
Giulio Savelli • 1644:
Girolamo Colonna • 1664–1666:
Federico Sforza (substitute protector) •
Antonio Pucci (1532–1544) •
Alessandro Farnese (1544–1589) •
Bernardino Maffei (vice-protector 1550–1553) •
Giacomo Puteo (vice-protector 1555–1563) •
Giacomo Savelli (vice-protector 1563–1587) •
Alessandro Peretti di Montalto (1589–1623) •
Cosimo de Torres (vice-protector 1622–1623, protector 1623–1642) •
Giulio Savelli (1642–1644) •
Gianbattista Pamphilj (vice-protector until 1644) •
Gaspare Mattei (1644–1650) •
Virginio Orsini (co-protector 1647–1650, protector 1650–1676) •
Pietro Vidoni (co-protector 1676, protector 1676–1681) •
Carlo Barberini (1681–1704) •
Annibale Albani (1712–1751) •
Gian Francesco Albani (1751–1795)
Of Sweden Cardinal-protectors of Sweden were appointed by king of Poland
Zygmunt III Waza, who had claimed the rights to the Swedish Crown. •
Odoardo Farnese (1601–1626) •
Lorenzo Magalotti (1626–1637)
Of Portugal • 1517–1531:
Lorenzo Pucci • 1533–1544:
Antonio Pucci • 1545–1564:
Guido Ascanio Sforza • 1565–1572:
Carlo Borromeo • 1573–1589:
Alessandro Farnese • 1591–1603:
Alfonso Gesualdo • 1604–1626:
Odoardo Farnese • 1626–1634:
Francesco Barberini • 1635–1638:
Ippolito Aldobrandini • 1657–1676:
Virginio Orsini • 1676–1714:
César d'Estrées • 1714–1721:
Michelangelo Conti • 1739–1770:
Neri Maria Corsini • 1859–1884:
Camillo di Pietro • 1887–1888:
Włodzimierz Czacki • 1891–1910/30:
Vincenzo Vannutelli Of Savoy/Kingdom of Sardinia Protectors of the Duchy of Savoy • 1534–1537:
Paolo Emilio Cesi • 1576–1594:
Michele Bonelli • 1594–1621:
Pietro Aldobrandini • 1621–1632:
Ludovico Ludovisi • 1633–1671:
Antonio Barberini • 1671–1704:
Carlo Barberini Protectors of the Kingdom of Sardinia • 1727–1779:
Alessandro Albani • 1819? – 1834:
Giuseppe Albani • 1835–1853:
Luigi Lambruschini Of Naples • 1530–1542:
Alessandro Cesarini • 1544–1549:
Alessandro Farnese • 1556–1564:
Guido Ascanio Sforza • 1566–1574:
Alessandro Sforza • 1574–1603:
Alfonso Gesualdo • 1605–1608:
Ascanio Colonna • 1608–1642:
Girolamo Doria • 1644–1650:
Gaspare Mattei • 1657–1663:
Camillo Astalli • 1664–1676:
Federico Sforza • 1747–1789:
Domenico Orsini d'Aragona • 1789–1795:
Ferdinando Spinelli • 1799–1806?:
Fabrizio Dionigi Ruffo Of Castile/Spain , crown-cardinal of Spain from 1582 to 1584 The
King of Spain could have as many as five or six cardinal protectors () simultaneously, although traditionally the protector of
Castile was the most frequently turned to. • 1516–1517:
Francisco de Remolins • 1517–1529:
Lorenzo Pucci • 1529–1534:
Andrea della Valle • 1534–1563:
Ercole Gonzaga • 1563–1566:
Francesco Gonzaga • 1566–1574:
Francisco Pacheco de Toledo • 1574–1581:
Alessandro Sforza • 1582–1588:
Ferdinando de' Medici •
Francesco Alciati (Vice-protector circa 1569) • 1592–1599:
Pedro de Deza Manuel • 1599–1601:
Alessandro d'Este • 1601–1606:
Francisco de Ávila • 1606–1617:
Antonio Zapata y Cisneros • 1617–1632:
Gaspar de Borja y Velasco • 1632–1645:
Gil Carrillo de Albornoz • 1645–1666:
Carlo de' Medici •
Federico Sforza (1664–1667, substitute protector) • 1725–1743:
Luis Antonio Belluga y Moncada • 1743–1747:
Troiano Acquaviva d'Aragona • 1748–1760:
Joaquín Fernández de Portocarrero Of Aragon • 1517–1531:
Lorenzo Pucci • 1531–1542:
Alessandro Cesarini • 1542–1589:
Alessandro Farnese • 1592–1626:
Odoardo Farnese • 1626–1634:
Francesco Barberini • 1635–1641:
Carlo Emanuele Pio di Savoia • 1645–1666:
Girolamo Colonna • 1666–1682:
Friedrich von Hessen-Darmstadt • 1682–1689:
Carlo Pio di Savoia • 1689–1702:
Francesco Maria de' Medici Of Flanders • 1561–1572:
Carlo Borromeo • 1573–1597:
Marcantonio Colonna • 1597–1608:
Ascanio Colonna • 1608–1633:
Scipione Caffarelli-Borghese • 1633–1642:
Pietro Maria Borghese • 1644–1666:
Girolamo Colonna •
Federico Sforza (1664–1666, substitute protector) • 1669–1676:
Friedrich von Hessen-Darmstadt • 1677–1689:
Carlo Pio di Savoia • 1689–1702:
Francesco Maria de' Medici ==List of other national cardinal protectors==