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Margot Honecker

Margot Honecker was an East German politician and influential member of the country's Communist government until 1989. From 1963 until 1989, she was Minister of National Education of the German Democratic Republic (GDR). She was married to Erich Honecker, leader of East Germany's ruling Socialist Unity Party from 1971 to 1989 and concurrently from 1976 to 1989 the country's head of state.

Early life
Honecker was born Margot Feist in Halle on 17 April 1927, ==Party==
Party
on his election as the first GDR President in 1949. In 1945, Margot Feist joined the KPD. After April 1946, with the contentious merger of the SPD and KPD, she became a member of East Germany's next ruling party, the Socialist Unity Party (Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands / SED), working in Halle as a shorthand typist with the FDGB (Trades Union Federation) regional executive for Saxony-Anhalt. In 1946, Feist also joined the regional secretariat of the Free German Youth (FDJ)—effectively the youth wing of the ruling party—in Halle. She then began a meteoric rise through its various departments. In 1947, she became the leader of the culture and education department in the FDJ's regional executive, and in 1948, secretary of the FDJ's central council as well as chairperson of the Ernst Thälmann Pioneer Organisation. '', 1951. During this period, she was having an affair with Erich Honecker. By 1949, Feist was a member of the GDR's precursor parliament (). That year, aged 22, she was elected as a representative in the newly founded People's Chamber (). After she became pregnant and gave birth to their daughter Sonja in 1952, Honecker divorced his second wife Edith and married Margot. ==Minister of National Education==
Minister of National Education
In 1963, Honecker became Minister of National Education (), after a period occupying the office as Acting Minister. On 25 February 1965, she introduced the law that made "the uniform socialist education system" standard in all schools, colleges and universities throughout East Germany. For her work as Minister of National Education, Honecker was awarded the Order of Karl Marx, the nation's highest award, in 1977. In 1978, Honecker introduced, against the opposition of the churches and many parents, military lessons () for 9th and 10th grade high school students (this included training on weapons such as aerial guns and the KK-MPi). Her tenure lasted until early November 1989. Though the accusations were never proven, Honecker was allegedly responsible for the regime's kidnapping and forced adoption of children of jailed dissidents and those who tried to flee the GDR, and she is considered to have "left a cruel legacy of separated families." In 1990, charges were made against Honecker as Minister of Education. These included accusations that she had arranged politically motivated arrests, separated children against their will from their parents, and ordered compulsory adoptions of children from persons deemed unreliable by the state. ==Loss of power==
Loss of power
During the Peaceful Revolution of 1989, Honecker briefly remained in office after her husband's ousting as leader of the Socialist Unity Party in October 1989. However, as part of the regime's effort to rehabilitate itself under her husband's successor, Egon Krenz, Honecker was sacked from cabinet on 2 November. On 4 February 1990, she resigned from the Party of Democratic Socialism, successor of the SED; her husband had been expelled two months earlier. She later joined the newly refounded Communist Party of Germany (KPD). ==Flight to Moscow and Chile==
Flight to Moscow and Chile
A new arrest warrant against Erich Honecker was issued in December 1990, but there was no immediate arrest. In March 1991, the couple were flown in a Soviet military jet to Moscow from the Sperenberg Airfield near Berlin. As soon as they arrived in Moscow, Margot's husband was taken directly to a Red Army hospital where his cancer was diagnosed. Margot Honecker was permitted to fly to Santiago to join her daughter Sonja and her family, who had been living in Chile since 1990. ==Post-GDR exile==
Post-GDR exile
After 1992, Margot Honecker lived in Santiago, Chile, In January 1993, Erich Honecker's trial in Berlin, which some felt had by that stage already descended into farce, was cut short because of the rapidly deteriorating health of the accused. He left Berlin for the last time on 13 March 1993, bound for Chile. He died of liver cancer at the age of 81 on 29 May 1994 in Santiago. His body was cremated. In 1999, Margot Honecker failed in her legal attempt to sue the German government for €60,300 of property confiscated following reunification. In 2001, her appeal to the European Court of Human Rights failed. She received a survivor's pension and the old-age pension of the German old-age pension insurance federation of about 1,500 euros, which she regarded as insolently sparse. In 2000, Luis Corvalán, the former General Secretary of the Communist Party of Chile, published the book The Other Germany – the GDR. Discussions with Margot Honecker, in which Honecker speaks about the history of the GDR from her perspective. In the book, they discuss the myths that have arisen about the GDR since the fall of Communism, but also the shared history between Chile and GDR, since the Honeckers received 5000 Chilean refugees fleeing from the Pinochet junta. On 19 July 2008, on the occasion of the 29th anniversary of the Sandinista revolution in Nicaragua, Honecker was awarded the "Rubén Dario" order for cultural independence from President Daniel Ortega. The award was in recognition of Honecker's untiring support of the national campaign against illiteracy in the 1980s. To the day she died, Honecker continued to defend the old East Germany and identified herself as a hardline Communist. In October 2009, Honecker celebrated the 60th anniversary of the founding of the GDR with former Chilean exiles who had sought asylum in East Germany. She participated in singing a patriotic East German song and gave a short speech in which she stated that East Germans "had a good life in the GDR" and that many felt that capitalism has made their lives worse. In 2011, author Frank Schuhmann published a book entitled Letzte Aufzeichnungen – Für Margot (Final Notes – For Margot in English) based on the 400-page diary kept by Erich Honecker during his stay in Berlin's Moabit prison beginning in July 1992. The diary was given to the author by Margot Honecker. She felt that there was no need for people to climb over the Berlin Wall and lose their lives. She suggested that the GDR was a good country and that the demonstrations were driven by the GDR's enemies. "The GDR also had its foes. That's why we had the Stasi," she said. In a 2012 interview with Das Erste, Honecker labelled Mikhail Gorbachev a "traitor" for his reforms and called the defectors of East Germany "criminals and terrorists." She said that the Federal Republic of Germany, the European Union, and the United States would collapse. ==Death==
Death
Margot Honecker died in Santiago on 6 May 2016, at the age of 89. Her funeral was described by German media as "bizarre", featuring 50 "diehard" communists with East German flags. Victims associations and Roland Jahn, Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Records, criticised the funeral. ==In popular culture==
In popular culture
Honecker is a recurring antagonist in the 2022 German Netflix spy thriller Kleo. She is played by Steffi Kühnert. ==Awards and honors==
Awards and honors
• : • Hero of Labour, twice (1969 and 1984) • Patriotic Order of Merit, gold (1964) • Order of Karl Marx, twice (1977 and 1987) • : • Honorary doctorate from Adam Mickiewicz University (1974) • : • Order of Augusto Cesar Sandino, 1st class • Order of Rubén Dario (2008) • : • Order of Friendship of Peoples ==Gallery==
Gallery
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-F0714-0050-001, Margot Honecker.jpg|An official portrait taken in July 1967, when Honecker was 40 years old File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-G0920-0021-001, Berlin, 11. DDR-Staatsratsitzung.jpg|Minister of Education Margot Honecker listens as Assistant Secretary for Culture and Sport Roland Weissig addresses the 11th Council of State meeting in 1968. File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R0423-036, Berlin, Palast der Republik, Eröffnung, Tanz.jpg|In 1976, the Honeckers attend the banquet-ball for the opening of the Palace of the Republic in East Berlin. File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-W0910-321, Familie Honecker beim Spaziergang im Winter.jpg|Erich Honecker and his wife take a walk with their daughter Sonja and grandson Roberto around the Waldsiedlung in 1977. File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1983-0303-423, Berlin, Margot Honecker, Samora Moises Machel.jpg|Honecker meeting Mozambican military commander and revolutionary socialist leader Samora Machel in 1983. File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1988-1019-031, Potsdam, 40. Jahrestag Pädagogischer Hochschule.jpg|Honecker, as the GDR's Minister of People's Education, speaking in Potsdam in 1988, a year before the Revolutions of 1989. File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1988-0627-026, LPG Rothenschirmbach, Margot Honecker.jpg|Honecker touring a technical-skills polytechnic (Polytechnisches Zentrum) at Rothenschirmbach with North Korea's Education Minister in 1988. File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1989-0412-033, Berlin, Beratung im Gebäude CDU-Hauptvorstand.jpg|Honecker hosting an educational congress at the headquarters of the Christian Democrats in April 1989, seven months before the Berlin Wall fell. ==Notes==
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