Mark Kramer is an American jazz pianist, composer, arranger, producer, and former academic and corporate neuroscientist. He is notable for maintaining parallel careers in elite psychopharmacology and professional jazz, similar to physician-musicians such as Denny Zeitlin and Eddie Henderson. In his scientific career, Kramer was a lead clinical researcher at Merck Research Laboratories responsible for the 1998 discovery of the antidepressant activity of Substance P / NK1 antagonists. In music, he has released over 40 albums as a leader or co-leader, frequently collaborating with bassist Eddie Gómez. Members of the Philadelphia Orchestra mentored him on violin from the age of five. His early jazz performances, in his teens and twenties, included those with Michael Brecker and Randy Brecker, Charles Fambrough, Stanley Clarke, and Eric Gravatt.