Marty Bergen (baseball)

Martin Bergen was born to parents Michael and Ann on October 25, 1871, in North Brookfield, Massachusetts. His parents were Irish immigrants who had arrived in the United States just after the Civil War. Michael made an income for the family by making shoes at a local factory. Martin was the third of six children, all girls except for him and the youngest, Bill. While still just a teenager, Marty was playing baseball for a local team, the Brookfields. One of his teammates was Connie Mack, who would later manage the Philadelphia Athletics for 50 years. Recognized as a great fielder, Bergen tended to obsess about minor problems and displayed an argumentative personality, traits that negatively affected his enjoyment of the game. ==Minor league career (1892–1895)==

Bergen's professional baseball career started in 1892, when he served as the catcher for the Salem Witches of the New England League. He played 59 games for them, batting .247. Following their season, he returned to play some games for the Brookfields, a practice he would continue in subsequent years. He spent most of the 1893 season with a team in Northampton, though he also played three games for the Wilkes-Barre Coal Barons of the Eastern League. On July 11, still in the midst of the season, he married Hattie Gaines, who had moved to North Brookfield a year before to work at a flour mill. The couple had three children: Martin Jr., Florence, and Joseph. They kept their permanent residence in North Brookfield, purchasing real estate on Boynton Street, which they named Snowball Farm. In 1894, Mack became the manager of the Pittsburgh Pirates of the National League (NL). He tried to draft Bergen, but the contract was voided when the Pirates assigned the catcher to a minor league team, a practice which major league teams were not allowed to do at the time. The minor league team was Lewiston of the New England League, for whom Bergen played even though he was no longer under contract with Pittsburgh. Playing 97 games, Bergen batted .321. Teams at higher levels were interested in Bergen again in 1895. This time, they were the Washington Senators of the NL (major league) and the Kansas City Blues of the Western League (minor league), both of which drafted him. Baseball officials sent him to the Blues, where he had a strong performance in 1895. However, his moody behavior caused trouble. In the middle of the season, Bergen left the Blues suddenly over a perceived slight and did not return until over a week had passed. Nevertheless, he played 138 games for the club, batting .372 with 118 runs scored and 188 hits. Kid Nichols, who was from Kansas City, recommended the player to Frank Selee, manager of the Boston Beaneaters. The team drafted him and looked forward to employing him for 1896, though team owner Arthur Soden had to go to North Brookfield to assure Bergen he was wanted and valued by his new club. ==Boston Beaneaters (1896–1899)==

With the Beaneaters, Bergen became one of the two main catchers for the ballclub in 1896, alongside Charlie Ganzel. Bergen made his first major league appearance on April 17 in a 7–3 loss to the Phillies at the Philadelphia Baker Bowl. His team finished fourth in the NL. Bergen batted .248 with 47 runs scored, 81 hits, two home runs, and 45 RBI. The 1898 season saw Bergen set a number of career highs. He played in 125 games, catching 117 of them; backup George Yeager only caught 37. Bergen batted .280 with 62 runs scored, 125 hits, three home runs, and 60 RBI. Nichols credited Bergen with helping the team win: "Baltimore beat us the next three years, after we lost (catcher Charlie) Bennett. Then we got Marty Bergen from Kansas City and won the pennants again in 1897 and 1898." He batted .258 with 32 runs scored, 67 hits, one home run, and 34 RBI. ==Defensive prowess==

Bergen's defensive skills helped him earn a reputation as one of, if not the best, catchers in the NL during his tenure. He exhibited a strong arm and quick reflexes, which helped him throw out baserunners. Mack said Bergen was the only catcher he ever saw remain on his knees to throw a player out at second. William Nack of Sports Illustrated wrote in 2001 that Bergen was "a nimble fielder with a bullwhip arm who could snap the ball to second base without so much as moving his feet." Although catchers in his day did not wear shin guards, Bergen was particularly skilled at blocking the plate when a runner was trying to score from third. This involved him in several collisions, none of which seriously injured him. Future Hall of Famer Jesse Burkett remembered Bergen's skills with high praise in 1900: "As a catcher, Martin Bergen was the best the world ever produced. No man acted with more natural grace as a ballplayer. There was finish in every move he made. His eye was always true, and his movements so quick and accurate in throwing that the speediest base runners [...] never took chances when Bergen was behind the bat." The infielders that played with him spoke glowingly of his abilities. Said second baseman Bobby Lowe, "Bergen's throws were always strong and very rarely, if ever, sailed. He positioned himself behind the plate as well as any catcher I have ever seen." Wrote a sportswriter in 1898, "Martin Bergen is a kingpin of catchers, and without him the Bostons would be probably in second place or even lower down the ladder." ==Mental illness==

Bergen's teammates appreciated his strong arm and hustling style of play, but relations between the catcher and the team soured quickly. An article from May 1896 related how "Martin Bergen, the young backstop [...] is unpopular with his fellow players on the Boston team. Bergen is a sullen, sarcastic chap, never associates with the players, and always nurses a fancied grievance. His disposition handicaps his playing talents." Bergen's condition worsened in 1899, which led to internal turmoil for the Beaneaters. His January hip surgery took over four hours, and he seemed different mentally afterwards. On July 20, 1899, Bergen silently walked off the team's train at the beginning of a road trip, returning to North Brookfield and leaving Boston with just a backup catcher (Clarke) during a heated pennant race. Boston Globe reporter Tim Murnane journeyed to North Brookfield to convince Bergen to come back; the catcher complained that his teammates were mistreating him, that Selee would not give him time off to be with his family, and that he was battling injuries that could only be dealt with by his local physician, Dr. Louis Dionne. ==Death==

In January 1900, at his home in North Brookfield, Massachusetts, the 28-year-old Bergen was found dead in a murder–suicide. Neighbors expressed shock and said they saw no warning signs. Several had seen him before the tragedy unfolded, and recalled him as "unusually cheerful" and "pleasant" when conversing with them. The neighbors also told reporters how devoted he always seemed to his wife. The medical examiner reported that Bergen killed his wife and two children with an axe, then used a straight razor to forcefully cut his own throat. Bergen's father discovered the bodies. According to The New York Times: In actuality, the razor cut likely would not have been able to sever enough ligaments to go deep enough to nearly sever Bergen's head, but it would have created a lot of blood from slicing the jugular vein and carotid artery, making it appear that the head had been nearly severed from the body. Baseball writer Bill James, commenting on why a few writers might have voted for Bergen, wrote, "He wasn't any kind of a player, really, and one supposes that a couple of writers had remembered him because of his headline-making exit and, lacking any kind of meaningful reference books, had romanticized his defensive play to spectacular proportions." The death of Bergen prevented him from ever playing against his brother Bill, who was also a major league catcher for the Cincinnati Reds and the Brooklyn Superbas from 1901 to 1911. Several years after the murder–suicide, Bill reminisced to a reporter about his brother. "It was as if he was possessed. The demons got to him and never let him go." ==See also==