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MBTA key bus routes

Key bus routes of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) system were the 15 routes that had high ridership and higher frequency standards than other bus lines, according to the 2004 MBTA Service Policy. Together, they accounted for roughly 40% of the MBTA's total bus ridership. These key bus routes ensured basic geographic coverage with frequent service in the densest areas of Boston, and connected to other MBTA services to give access to other areas throughout the region.

History
In November 2006, the MBTA launched a concerted effort to improve service quality on key bus routes. The 2008 Service Plan recommended improvements for various lines, including upgrading the 31 bus to key route standards. A second round of upgrades, entitled the Key Routes Improvement Project and costing $10 million in all, was supported by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. The Silver Line services were originally considered part of this program, but were later split off into a separate enhancement project. The initial Key Routes Improvement Project was concluded in 2013, with some planned upgrades not being made. Due to these changes, the reliability of service (as measured by adherence to posted service frequencies) has been found to be greater on the Key Routes than on others, with 75% versus 61% respectively in June 2017. A 2012 statistical analysis found that proximity to key bus routes was inversely correlated to taxicab trip generation, whereas taxicab trip generation actually increased with proximity to bus routes overall, suggesting that only the routes with highest frequency were able to compete with taxi service among customers with the option to choose. In April 2014, extended late-night service on the key bus routes and rapid transit routes was announced, to be operated on a one-year trial basis with service continuation depending on late-night ridership and on corporate sponsorship. , late-night service was cut back from 2:30am to 2:00am, and extended hours were dropped from 5 of the 15 key bus routes. Late-night service was discontinued altogether in March 2016. The category of key bus routes figured into Boston mayor Marty Walsh's "Go Boston 2030" initiative, which included the goal of having "every Boston household" within a 10-minute walk from a T station or a bus stop on a key route. In addition, a new key route was proposed to connect the Longwood Medical and Academic Area with JFK/UMass station via Roxbury. In May 2022, the MBTA released a draft plan for a bus network redesign, which included potential changes to most of the key routes. A number of other routes would be upgraded to key bus route frequency, forming a high-frequency bus network complementing the rapid transit network. A revised plan was released in November 2022. Key routes criteria The MBTA's Service Delivery Policy uses five criteria when determining if a route is part of the Key Bus Routes program. • High ridership demand • Connectivity within the system • Geographic coverage • Accommodation of major new development • Operation as bus rapid transit Policy standards A bus route that has been identified as a key route must adhere to two policy standards: Span of service and frequency of service, both of which mandate service levels well above a standard local route. The following tables outline these standards as compared to standard local routes. ==Route list==
Route list
There were 15 key routes within the MBTA system: 1, 15, 22, 23, 28, 32, 39, 57, 66, 71, 73, 77, 111, 116, and 117. Elected officials and members of the public have asked the MBTA for limited-stop or express service along all of these routes. 1 The 1 Harvard Square–Nubian Station, which connects Cambridge with Roxbury, was formed in September 1962 when two routes, split at Massachusetts Avenue (now Hynes Convention Center), were merged – the 76 Harvard–Massachusetts station and the 47 Massachusetts station–Dudley. In May 1987, the route was realigned from its former alignment on Washington Street southeast several blocks onto Albany Street and Melnea Cass Boulevard to serve Boston Medical Center. The route now runs mostly along Massachusetts Avenue, from Harvard, past the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, over the Charles River via the Harvard Bridge into Boston, past the Berklee College of Music to Boston Medical Center, then southwest to Nubian station via Albany Street and Melnea Cass Boulevard. No changes to the route were proposed in the May and November 2022 network plan. Service changes effective August 24, 2025, increased Route 1 frequency to every 15 minutes or less during all operating hours. Service also began operating about one hour longer on Friday and Saturday evenings. 15 The 15 Fields Corner Station–Ruggles Station route runs from Fields Corner station north on Geneva Avenue and Bowdoin Street, west on Hancock Street, and north on Columbia Street to Uphams Corner. It continues west on Dudley Street to Nubian station, then west on Malcolm X Boulevard to and north on Tremont Street to Ruggles station. Buses started running on the 15 Kane Square–Dudley via Uphams Corner and Dudley Street route on April 6, 1962, replacing trackless trolleys. With the relocation of the Orange Line to the Southwest Corridor in May 1987, the route was extended to Ruggles. Kane Square service was extended slightly to St. Peter's Square on August 25, 2024. All service was extended to Fields Corner on August 24, 2025; previously, only night and weekend service had run past St. Peters Square. Frequency was also increased to every 15 minutes or less during all operating hours. A city-funded program includes fare-free service on routes 23, 28, and 29 from March 1, 2022, to February 28, 2026. No changes to the route were proposed in the May and November 2022 network plans. Streetcars formerly had a dedicated right-of-way on Blue Hill Avenue; streetcars were moved into mixed traffic in stages between 1940 and 1950, and replaced with buses in 1955. From December 2006 to June 2010, short turn service between Franklin Park and Dudley (Ruggles after March 2007) was operated in the morning peak as route 25. A number of Silver Line expansion corridors were considered in the 2003 Program for Mass Transportation (PMT); most were given brief consideration but not acted upon. One, a bus rapid transit (BRT) express overlay for the 28, was briefly revived in 2006 as part of Silver Line Phase III plans. In 2009, the state proposed to add a limited-stop BRT line called the 28X on the corridor, which was then the busiest bus corridor in New England. The plan called for dedicated bus lanes on Blue Hill Avenue and queue jumps on Warren Avenue. The project was expected to cost $114 million. Construction was to begin in April 2010, with initial service at the beginning of 2012. However, the proposal quickly drew opposition: it had been announced at a press conference by state officials without local officials having even been informed of the project, leading to accusations that the plan was rushed to qualify for TIGER grant funding without community input. Residents also objected because the dedicated bus lanes would require removing parking spots and the median strip, and the construction process would disrupt traffic on Blue Hill Avenue for over a year. The state withdrew the proposal in late 2009. In June 2010, the MBTA replaced 40-foot buses on the route with 60-foot buses; although the swap added capacity on the busy route, residents objected to the removal of some bus stops in hilly Grove Hall to accommodate the longer vehicles. In 2012, the Roxbury–Dorchester–Mattapan Transit Needs Study recommended the 28X bus to be implemented with no new infrastructure as an express bus adding additional trips to the corridor. In August 2020, the MBTA and the city applied for $15 million in federal funds for a planned $30 million construction of Blue Hill Avenue. The project would include center-running bus lanes and be completed by the end of 2021. The federal government rejected the funding request in September 2020. A second $25 million application was submitted in July 2021. A pilot program of free fares and all-door boarding on route 28 ran from August 29, 2021, to February 28, 2022. The $500,000 pilot, funded by the city using American Rescue Plan monies, intends to reduce travel times on the frequently-late route. A city-funded program includes fare-free service on routes 23, 28, and 29 from March 1, 2022, to February 28, 2026. The May and November 2022 network plans proposed that route 28 be extended from Roxbury Crossing to via the Longwood Medical Area; the Roxbury Crossing–Ruggles segment would be discontinued. Service changes effective August 24, 2025, increased Route 28 frequency to every 15 minutes or less during all operating hours. Service also began operating about one hour later in the evening. 32 The 32 Wolcott or Cleary Square–Forest Hills Station route runs along Hyde Park Avenue from Forest Hills to Readville, serving Jamaica Plain, Roslindale, and Hyde Park. It parallels the commuter rail tracks from Forest Hills to Readville for its entire route. Up until 1953, Route 32 was a full-service trolley route from Forest Hills to Cleary Square, until it converted to trackless trolleys. In 1958, all trackless trolley services south of Forest Hills were discontinued and replaced by diesel buses. (The trolleys ended in the middle of Hyde Park Ave; however, a loop for the trackless trolleys to turn around was placed on Hyde Park Avenue and Pine St.) In 1981, the former Route 31 bus route between Mattapan Square and Wolcott Square was consolidated with Route 32 at Cleary Square to become Route 32 Forest Hills–Wolcott Square. Route 50, which served Cleary Square and Forest Hills via Roslindale, was rerouted onto River St, Gordon Avenue, Summer St (inbound) and Austin St (outbound) to serve the Summer St Elderly Housing Area (aka Malone Elderly Housing). No changes to the route were proposed in the May and November 2022 network plans. 39 The 39 Forest Hills Station–Back Bay Station route is the replacement (described as "temporary" from 1985 until 2011) for Green Line E branch service from Heath Street to Arborway which has run since December 1985. Aside from paralleling the Green Line from Heath Street to Copley, there are connections to the Orange Line and commuter rail at both ends (and Amtrak at the latter). Route 39 was the first MBTA route to regularly use articulated buses, which were later introduced to several other routes (including the 28) in late 2005. , the 39 was the second most heavily used bus line in the city. The high ridership of the 39 was one motivation for expanding the Forest Hills station during the Casey Arborway overhaul. The May 2022 draft network plan proposed that route 39 be extended to via and , taking over portions of routes , , and . The portion from Longwood Avenue to Back Bay would be discontinued. Route 57 was formerly one of the few routes that ran limited-stop service in the Boston city limits (no pickups were made on Commonwealth Avenue between Packard's Corner and Kenmore), but this practice was discontinued in December 2006. No changes to the route were proposed in the May and November 2022 network plans. begins at Nubian Square in Roxbury, and crosses the Southwest Corridor Park at Roxbury Crossing. The route follows Route 39 and the Green Line E branch on a short segment from Brigham Circle to the Boston city limits. Traveling via Harvard Street, this bus serves Brookline and Allston, diverting to Union Square (Allston) before following Cambridge Street and North Harvard Street and terminating at Harvard Square, Cambridge. It connects Nubian station on the Silver Line to Roxbury Crossing on the Orange Line; as well as Fenwood Rd, Mission Park, and Riverway on the Green Line E branch; Brookline Village on the Green Line D branch; Coolidge Corner on the Green Line C branch; Harvard Ave on the Green Line B branch; and Harvard on the Red Line. No changes to the route were proposed in the May and November 2022 network plans. Service began operating about one hour longer on Friday and Saturday evenings effective August 24, 2025. Routes 71 and 73, along with the adjacent routes and , ran with trolleybuses (locally referred to as "trackless trolleys") for decades after all such other routes in the MBTA system had been eliminated, representing some of the last vestiges of Boston's once-extensive trackless trolley network. They were finally converted to diesel bus operation on March 13, 2022. Effective December 14, 2025, route 71 is scheduled to operate every 15 minutes or less during normal service hours. Trackless trolleys ran from then until March 13, 2022. Until the Red Line Northwest Extension opened in the 1980s, routes 77/77A provided the bulk of transit service northwest of Harvard, with combined streetcar headways under one minute during rush hours in 1945. Route 77A formerly provided all local service south of the carhouse, with route 77 making limited stops on that segment; however, it was largely replaced by route 77 service in stages from 1998 to 2005, and eliminated in 2022. No changes to the route were proposed in the May and November 2022 network plans. No changes to the route were proposed in the May and November 2022 network plans. Service changes effective August 24, 2025, added about one hour to the span of evening service. ==See also==
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