vessel
Galaxy Leader The
UNCTAD review of maritime transport categorizes ships as: oil tankers, bulk (and combination) carriers, general cargo ships, container ships, and "other ships", which includes "liquefied petroleum gas carriers, liquefied natural gas carriers, parcel (chemical) tankers, specialized tankers, reefers, offshore supply, tugs, dredgers, cruise, ferries, other non-cargo". General cargo ships include "multi-purpose and project vessels and
Roll-on/roll-off cargo". {{Cite book | last1 = Hoffmann | first1 = Jan | first2 = Regina | last2 = Asariotis | first3 = Hassiba | last3 = Benamara | first4 = Anila | last4 = Premti | first5 = Vincent | last5 = Valentine | first6 = Frida | last6 = Yousse | title = Review of Maritime Transport 2016 | publisher = United Nations | pages = 104 | date = 2016 | url = http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/rmt2016_en.pdf | isbn = 978-92-1-112904-5 | issn = 0566-7682
Cargo ship vessel
Namibia A cargo ship or freighter is any sort of
ship or vessel that carries
cargo, goods, and materials from one port to another. Thousands of cargo carriers ply the world's seas and oceans each year; they handle the bulk of
international trade. Cargo ships are usually specially designed for the task, often being equipped with
cranes and other mechanisms to load and unload, and come in all sizes.
Bulk carrier Sabrina I A bulk carrier is a
ship used to transport
bulk cargo items such as
iron ore, bauxite, coal, cement, grain and similar cargo. Bulk carriers can be recognized by large box-like hatches on deck, designed to slide outboard or fold fore-and-aft to enable access for loading or discharging cargo. The dimensions of bulk carriers are often determined by the ports and sea routes that they need to serve, and by the maximum width of the Panama Canal. Most lakes are too small to accommodate bulk carriers, but a large fleet of
lake freighters has been plying the
Great Lakes and
St. Lawrence Seaway of
North America for over a century.
Container ship Colombo Express built in 2005A container ship is a cargo ship that carries its cargo in standardized containers, in a technique called
containerization. These ships are a common means of commercial
intermodal freight transport.
Tanker AbQaiq A tanker is a
ship designed to transport
liquids in bulk. Tankers can range in size from several hundred
tons, designed to serve small harbours and coastal settlements, to several hundred thousand tons, with these being designed for long-range haulage. A wide range of products are carried by tankers, including: •
hydrocarbon products such as
oil,
LPG, and
LNG •
chemicals, such as
ammonia,
chlorine, and
styrene monomer •
fresh water •
wine Different products require different handling and transport, thus special types of tankers have been built, such as
chemical tankers,
oil tankers, and
gas carriers. Among oil tankers,
supertankers were designed for carrying oil around the
Horn of Africa from the
Middle East; the FSO
Knock Nevis being the largest vessel in the world, a ULCC
supertanker formerly known as
Jahre Viking (Seawise Giant). It has a deadweight of 565,000 metric tons and length of about . The use of such large ships is in fact very unprofitable, due to the inability to operate them at full cargo capacity; hence, the production of
supertankers has currently ceased. Today's largest oil tankers in comparison by gross tonnage are
TI Europe,
TI Asia,
TI Oceania, which are the largest sailing vessels today. But even with their deadweight of 441,585 metric tons, sailing as VLCC most of the time, they do not use more than 70% of their total capacity. Apart from
pipeline transport, tankers are the only method for transporting large quantities of oil, although such tankers have caused large environmental disasters when sinking close to coastal regions, causing
oil spills. See ,
Erika,
Exxon Valdez,
Prestige and for examples of tankers that have been involved in oil spills.
Coastal trading vessel Coastal trading vessels are smaller ships that carry any category of cargo along coastal, rather than trans-oceanic, routes. Coasters are shallow-hulled
ships used for trade between locations on the same island or continent. Their shallow hulls allow them to sail over
reefs and other submerged navigation hazards, whereas ships designed for blue-water trade usually have much deeper hulls for better
seakeeping.
Passenger ship '' A passenger ship is a ship whose primary function is to carry passengers. The category does not include
cargo vessels which have accommodations for limited numbers of passengers, such as the formerly ubiquitous twelve-passenger freighters in which the transport of passengers is secondary to the carriage of freight. The type does however include many classes of ships which are designed to transport substantial numbers of passengers as well as freight. Indeed, until recently virtually all
ocean liners were able to transport mail, package freight and express, and other cargo in addition to passenger luggage, and were equipped with
cargo holds and derricks, kingposts, or other cargo-handling gear for that purpose. Modern
cruiseferries have
car decks for lorries as well as the passengers' cars. Only in more recent
ocean liners and in virtually all
cruise ships has this cargo capacity been removed. A
ferry is a
boat or
ship carrying passengers and sometimes their vehicles. Ferries are also used to transport freight (in
lorries and sometimes unpowered freight
containers) and even
railroad cars (in the case of a
train ferry). == See also ==