Mishar Tatar dialect

, born in Sergachsky district in 1896, speaking in 1952. (four samples). Mishar Tatar Dialect is not a "corrupted version of Tatar, as thought by some, but rather an independently developed dialect with unique phonological and morphological features, influenced by ancient Kipchak tribes, Oghuz, and Finno-Ugric elements". Compared to Standard Tatar (Kazan), Mishar speakers use velar g and k instead of the uvular ğ and q, both c and ç are affricates ([ʑ] and [ɕ] in Kazan) and [a] stays unrounded. In some words where there is letter c (җ), Mishars pronounce it as y [j] (cäy –> yäy, "summer"). Sometimes [v] replaces [j] in Mishar, like söyü –> sevü, "to love"). Noticeable vocabulary differences also exist, like "sunflower", which is könbağış in Kazan Tatar, but aybagar in the Mishar Dialect. "Dog" is et in Kazan and kıçık / koçok in Mishar. Ancient features, absent from the Kazan Dialect, are present in Mishar Tatar, like ul kilä ("he/she/it comes"), ul kiläder. Other affix differences can include kilgälä, kilgäklä, "come occasionally"; barasım kilä, barma kelim / bargım keli, "i want to go". Monophthongization of diphthongs exists also (köy, kü, "melody"; qoyrıq, kurik, "tail"). ==Sub dialects==

Mishar Tatar dialects (сөйләшлер) are according to Makhmutova two (Ch and Ts) or according to Gabdulkhay Akhatov three (Ch, Ts and mixed) groups. In the Western (Mişär) dialect Ç is pronounced (southern or Lambir Mişärs) and as [ts] (northern Mişärs or Nizhgars). C is pronounced . There are no differences between v and w, q and k, g and ğ in the Mişär dialect. The Cyrillic alphabet doesn't have special letters for q, ğ and w, so Mişär speakers have no difficulty reading Tatar written in Cyrillic. Classification of Mishar Tatar dialects: • Ch-dialects or Southern Mishar: пытчак, pıtçak < Kazan пычак, pıçak (knife) • Temnikovsky dialect — western rayons (esp. Temnikovsky) of Mordovia, south-eastern part of Penza oblast. • Lyambirsky dialect — eastern part (esp. Lyambirsky) of Mordovia. • Bashkortostan dialect — Birsk, Karaidelsky, Mishkinsky rayons of Bashkortostan. • Sharlyk dialect — Sharlyk of Orenburg oblast. • Orenburg dialect — Orenburg oblast. • Dialects of Volgograd and Saratov oblasts. • Kuznetsk dialect — Kuznetsk of Penza oblast. A mixed dialect by Akhatov. • Khvalynsk dialect — south Ulyanovsk oblast (Khvalynsk). A mixed dialect by Akhatov. • Ts-dialects or Northern Mishar: пыцак, pıtsak < Kazan пычак, pıçak (knife) • Sergachsky dialect — Sergachsky of Nizhny Novgorod oblast. • Drozhzhanovsky dialect — Drozhzhanovsky rayon of Tatarstan and Chuvashia • Chistopolsky dialect (mixed) — Chistopolsky of Tatarstan and Samara oblast. • Melekessky dialect (contingently) — northern rayons (esp. Melekessky) of Ulyanovsk oblast. == References ==