Polish-Bolshevik War The division was formed at the end of
World War I as one of the first large infantry units of the renascent Polish state. It took part in the
Polish-Bolshevik War. At the end of the war, in September 1920 the division (then composed of four infantry regiments: 13th, 21st, 33rd and
36th) had 6210 men under arms and formed the core of the Reserves of the General Staff, along with the
Siberian Brigade and
20th Infantry Division. As part of Gen. Latinik's
Operational Group of Gen.
Iwaszkiewicz's
Polish 6th Army, the division (then commanded by
Col. Stanisław Burhardt-Bukacki) took part in the
Battle of Lwów and Polish-Ukrainian operations in Bolshevik-held Ukraine. After the
cease-fire and the
Treaty of Riga, the division was partially demobilized and its regiments were stationed in a number of
Mazovian towns, including
Modlin,
Pułtusk,
Warsaw,
Działdowo and
Płock.
Outbreak of World War II During the Polish mobilization of 1939, prior to the
invasion of Poland, the division was mobilized and dispatched to the area west of
Ciechanów, where it was to form a strategic reserve of the Polish
Modlin Army defending the
Modlin Fortress and the northern approaches to
Warsaw. Commanded by
Col. Teodor Wyrwa-Furgalski, the unit was to enter combat should the Germans break through the Polish lines. However, already on September 2, the division was dispatched to the area of
Mława, where it was to support the Polish units fighting in the
Battle of Mława. The 8th Division arrived in the area in the early hours of September 3. As the
Mazowiecka Cavalry Brigade operating further eastwards was also endangered by German armoured troops, the army commander ordered the division to split its forces and attack in two directions: towards
Grudusk east of Mława and towards
Przasnysz. However, conflicting orders and German
saboteurs operating in the rear disrupted both attacks and led to chaos in the Polish ranks. The situation was further complicated by insufficient reconnaissance, which led to several
skirmishes between friendly forces. At first, the
organic cavalry assaulted the staff company, mistakenly taking it for enemy forces, while later that day the
13th Infantry Regiment assaulted
32nd Infantry Regiment of
Lt.Col. Stefan Zając. In the evening, the division was mostly dispersed and only the
21st Infantry Regiment of Colonel (later General)
Stanisław Sosabowski managed to withdraw from the fights towards the
Modlin Fortress. His forces were later joined by elements of the 13th Regiment rallied by its commander, while the remnants of the division, including the major part of the 32nd Regiment, were rallied by the division's commanding officer west of
Opinogóra. The latter group started a retreat towards Modlin, where it suffered significant casualties from enemy aerial bombardment. Finally, the division arrived at the
Modlin Fortress, where it received reinforcements and manned the defences of the area. The 32nd Regiment manned the Forts No. 1 and 2, the organic artillery (including the 8th Heavy Artillery Detachment) manned the line east of
Kazuń. Overnight of September 7, the 21st Regiment arrived in the area, but was then dispatched further southwards to take part in the
battle of Warsaw, while the 13th Regiment under
Lt.Col. Alojzy Nowak manned the line along the
Vistula near Gniewniewice, west of Modlin. Despite being badly shaken in the first days of the war, the division was successfully reorganized and
defended its positions until the capitulation of the Modlin Fortress on September 29.
Polish Army in the East Following the
Sikorski-Mayski Agreement, in February 1942, a Polish division started to be formed in
Chok-Pak in
Kazakhstan. The new unit, formed primarily of Polish soldiers previously held in Soviet
Gulags, was commanded by
Col. Bronisław Rakowski and received the name of 8th Infantry Division. However, it did not share the traditions of the pre-1939 unit. Following the evacuation of Polish forces to
Persia and then to the
Middle East, the division was disbanded and its men were transferred to various other units of the
Polish II Corps.
Operation Tempest In 1944, during
Operation Tempest, the command of the
Home Army decided to unite various partisan units into regular divisions that would later form the core of the recreated
Polish Army. The new division scheme was based on the pre-war territorial division of the Polish armed forces and the new units not only shared the traditions of their pre-war counterparts, but also a large number of soldiers and officers who were veterans of the pre-war units, who had returned home after the Polish Defensive War. During the
Warsaw Uprising, all of the forces of the Warsaw Corps of the Home Army were reorganized into three divisions. One of them, composed of partisan units fighting in the borough of
Żoliborz and separated forces fighting in
Kampinos Forest, received the name of 8th
Romuald Traugutt Infantry Division. Commanded by
Lt. Col. Mieczysław Niedzielski (
nom de guerre Żywiciel), the unit was composed of the recreated 13th Infantry Regiment (Kampinos) and the 21st, 22nd and 32nd Regiments (Żoliborz), as well as an improvised 7th Uhlans Regiment. The division took part in heavy fighting until the end of the Uprising.
Eastern Front After the Soviet take-over of much of Poland in 1944, the Communist authorities started to form the 8th Division of the
Polish People's Army in the area of
Siedlce. The division, as well as its regiments (32nd, 34th and 36th Infantry, and 37th Light Artillery), received the numbers of the pre-war unit, but did not share its traditions. The new unit, formed in accordance with Soviet rules, became operational in early April 1945. On April 15, it was attached to the
Polish 2nd Army and the following day it entered combat in the area of the
Lausitzer Neisse river during the
Battle of Dresden. After crossing the river, the division - deprived of artillery and air cover - took part in the heavy fighting for
Nieder Neudorf and the village of
Biehain. On April 17, aided by the badly beaten
Polish 16th Armoured Brigade, the division continued its assault on Ober and Mittel Horka defended by the elite
Brandenburger Regiment. After the initial failure, the division managed to break the German resistance in an all-out assault and reached the
Weisser Schops River, which it crossed under heavy enemy fire. Then the unit crossed the Neu Graben Canal and captured the towns of
Odernitz (36th Regiment) and
Niesky (32nd Regiment). The latter town was captured after two days of heavy struggles. In the following days, the division continued the assault with heavy losses, capturing the towns and villages of
See,
Mocholz,
Zischelmuhle and
Stockteich. After repelling the German counter-attack south of Niessky, on April 20, the division started a pursuit after the fleeing Germans, breaking the resistance at
Gebelzig,
Gross Saubernitz,
Baruth/Mark and
Guttau. On April 25, the division reached the line of
Strochschutz-
Grossbrosern-
Colln, after which it was stopped and then withdrawn to the rear for reinforcement.
After the war The division suffered heavy losses in the poorly planned operation in
Saxony. Nevertheless, the Communist authorities claimed the operation to be a major success and the division received the name of
8th Dresden
Infantry Division and the new patron in the person of
Bartosz Głowacki, a Polish 18th century peasant hero (). Parts of the division (roughly 2,500 men of the 1st, 8th and 36th Regiments) were then attached to the
Wisła Operational Group and took part in the infamous
Operation Vistula against the
Ukrainian Insurgent Army and the civilian population of the
Eastern Beskids. The action lasted until July 1947, when the unit was withdrawn and partially demobilized. On March 30, 1949, the unit was transferred to
Western Pomerania and reformed into the
Polish 8th Motorized Infantry Division, which became the direct predecessor of the modern
8th Mechanised Division. Both were active within the
Pomeranian Military District. == Order of battle ==