Mohamed Lamine Debaghine, holding a
doctorate of
medicine from
Algiers University, opened a medical practice in the eastern
Constantine region in 1944. At the time, Algeria was a governorate of
France, but with the exception of European settlers, Algerians were not accorded
civil rights. He quickly became active in politics, and joined
Messali Hadj's
Parti du peuple algérien (PPA) leftist
nationalist movement in 1939. During the
Second World War, he was arrested by
colonial authorities for nationalist agitation and for inciting Algerian
conscripts to refuse military service in the
French army (while also condemning
Nazism). He emerged as one of the group's most important leaders, pushing for confrontation with the colonial authorities and demanding independence (as opposed to the more moderate followers of
Ferhat Abbas, who, unlike the PPA, restricted their demands to full
citizenship for Algerian Muslims and
autonomous rule). In 1946, Lamine Debaghine was elected to the
French parliament as a deputy of Constantine on a list backed by the
Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties, a successor movement to the banned PPA. In parliament, he called for Algeria's independence and described France's
annexation of the country in 1830 an "aggression", but otherwise stayed out of most parliamentary debates and votes (an exception being to vote against French membership in
NATO in 1949). In 1951, his parliamentary mandate ended, and three years later, an armed rebellion for Algeria's independence erupted led by the
Front de libération nationale (FLN), a PPA/MTLD splinter group. In 1956, Lamine Debaghine was made a member of the FLN's exterior delegation (i.e. outside the country) and its shadow parliament, the CNRA, later CCE. Lamine Debaghine was elected minister of foreign affairs in the first lineup of the FLN's
government-in-exile,
GPRA, under Ferhat Abbas's presidency, holding the post for the period 1958–1960. In this role, he served as a primary spokesman of the FLN to the outside world, and worked to build alliances with the newly independent countries of the
Arab world and other regions. However, being outside the country, he had limited authority over the actual armed rebellion of the FLN's armed wing, the
Armée de libération nationale (ALN). A
Time Magazine article from 1957 described him as Abbas's close collaborator, "Dr. Mohammed Lamine-Debaghine, 40, [the] bitterly anti-French veteran nationalist who is subject to bouts of
depression caused by attacks of
neuralgia that partially paralyze his face." As an ally of
Abane Ramdane, he was later sidelined by Ramdane's rivals, including
Ahmed Ben Bella and others, and he was excluded from the GPRA's two following ministerial lineups, as well as from any important role in post-independence politics. Following the war, he reopened a medical practice in
Sétif. He died in Algiers, the Algerian capital, on 23 January 2003, at the age of 85. ==Notes and sources==