Mud Creek (Chillisquaque Creek tributary)

Mud Creek begins in central Madison Township, Columbia County. It flows south for a short distance before turning southwest and passing through Jerseytown, where it crosses Pennsylvania Route 44. The creek then continues to flow southwest, parallel to Pennsylvania Route 254. Over the next several miles, its direction gradually changes from southwest to west and it exits Madison Township. Mud Creek then enters Derry Township, Montour County. It turns southwest again, continuing to follow Pennsylvania Route 254. Over the next few miles, the creek receives several unnamed tributaries. It then crosses Pennsylvania Route 54 and enters Chillisquaque Creek upstream of its mouth, immediately south of Washingtonville. ==Hydrology==

As of 2011, a total of of streams in the watershed of Mud Creek were affected by organic enrichment, low concentrations of dissolved oxygen, and heavy loads of sediment. The entirety of every stream in the creek's watershed was considered by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection to be impaired as of 2011. The daily load of sediment in Mud Creek was as of 2011, but the total maximum daily load, above which water quality is considered impaired, is only . The largest contributor of sediment to the creek was cropland, which contributed per day. of sediment per day came from stream banks and came from hay and pastures. came from land classified by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection as "transition", per day came from forest, and from land classified by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection as "low-intensity development". came from wetlands. Many of the streams in the watershed can be muddy for a number of days after thunderstorms. As of 2011, the load of phosphorus in Mud Creek was per day, but the total maximum daily load is . per day came from cropland, from groundwater, and from hay and pastures. An average of per day of phosphorus came from land classified by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection as "transition". came from forest, from land classified by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection as "low-intensity development", and from stream banks. Septic systems contributed of phosphorus per day to the creek and wetlands contributed . ==Geography, geology, and climate==

The elevation near the mouth of Mud Creek is above sea level. The elevation of the creek's source is approximately above sea level. The highest areas of the watershed are in its southeastern portion. The watershed of Mud Creek is in the ridge and valley physiographic region of the Appalachian Mountains. The most common soil series in the watershed of Mud Creek is the Watson-Berks-Alvira series. It is a shaly silt loam that mostly occurs in the watershed's plains and highlands. Other soil series in the watershed include the Berks-Weikert-Bedington series and the Chenango-Pope-Holly series. The Chenango-Pope-Holly occupies areas near the creek itself in its lower reaches and the Berks-Weikert-Bedington series occurs throughout most of the southern edge of the watershed. All other parts of the watershed lie over soil of the Berks-Weikert-Bedington series. 80 percent of the soil is of the Watson-Berks-Alvira series, 12 percent is of the Berks-Weikert-Bedington series, and 8 percent is of the Chenango-Pope-Holly series. On average, of precipitation fall in the watershed of Mud Creek annually. The annual level of runoff in the watershed is on average. ==Watershed==

The watershed of Mud Creek has an area of 17.70 square miles. It is mainly in Madison Township, Columbia County and Derry Township, Montour County, but a small part of it is in West Hemlock Township, Montour County. The watershed of the creek is in the Washingtonville and Millville United States Geological Survey 7.5 minute quadrangles. It is on the eastern edge of the West Branch Susquehanna River watershed. The creek's major tributaries include several unnamed tributaries. The main land use in the watershed of Mud Creek is agricultural land, which accounts for 62.97 percent of the total area. 31.49 percent of the watershed is forested and 5.54 percent is developed land. Most of the forested land is on the watershed's southern and eastern edges, but there are some patches of it elsewhere, most of which are fairly small. Most of the developed land is near Jerseytown and Washingtonville, but there are several other small areas of development in the watershed's lower reaches and a few other areas in its upper reaches. The major communities in the Mud Creek watershed are Jerseytown and Washingtonville. Major roads in the watershed include Pennsylvania Route 254. There are also a number of township roads that go to the creek and its tributaries. ==History and etymology==

An early settler in the area was George Whitmoyer, who built a cabin in the valley of Mud Creek at Jerseytown in 1772. The Mud Creek Bridge was built over Mud Creek in 1907. It is a Pratt pony truss bridge that was built in 1907 and is . The bridge is near to collapse and is closed to traffic. Another eight bridges also cross the creek. Four were built in the 1930s, one in 1946, two in 1962, and the most recent in 1984. An additional four bridges were built over its tributaries in the 1940s. John Gosse Freeze gives the name Mud Creek as the east branch of Chillisquaque Creek in his 1888 book A History of Columbia County, Pennsylvania: From the Earliest Times, but adds that the creek's name is more correctly the East Branch of the Chillisquaque. Mud Creek is named for its muddiness, which is especially pronounced following storms. ==Biology==

There are few or no riparian buffers along Mud Creek where it flows through agricultural land. ==See also==