, 7 September 1931, with Zafarullah Khan seated to the rear of the table (closest to the camera) Muhammad Zafarullah Khan practiced law in
Colonial India. He was the counsel for the
Ahmadiyya cause in two landmark judgements. In 1916, the
Patna High Court gave a verdict on the case
Hakim Khalil Ahmad Vs. Malik Israfil which gave Ahmadis the right to use religious places of
Islam for prayers. In 1922, the
Madras High Court acknowledged
Ahmadiyya as being a part of
Islam in its verdict on the case
Narantakath Avullah v. Parakkal Mammu. Zafarullah was elected a member of the
Punjab Legislative Council in 1926 and presided at the Delhi meeting of the
All-India Muslim League in 1931, where he advocated the cause of the Indian Muslims through his presidential address. He participated at the
Round Table Conferences held from 1930 to 1932 and became the
Minister of Railways in May 1935. In 1939, he represented India at the
League of Nations. He was appointed the Agent General of India in China in 1942 and represented India as the Indian Government's nominee at the Commonwealth Relations Conference in 1945, where he spoke on India's cause for freedom. From 1935 to 1941, he was a member of the Executive Council of the
Viceroy of India. Sir Zafarullah Khan prepared a note on the future of the dominion status of India analyzing the future prospects of the "Dominion Status". It took into account concerns of Muslims and ultimately proposed a plan to divide the subcontinent. This note was sent to
Lord Zetland,
Secretary of State for India, as referred in a letter by
Lord Linlithgow dated 12 March 1940.
Lord Linlithgow, however, had not a complete grasp of contents in the analytic note prepared by Sir Zafarullah Khan at the time it was sent to the Secretary of India. A copy of this note was sent to Jinnah. Sir Zafarullah Khan's proposal of a two-state solution for the Indian Federation was adopted by the Muslim League with a view to give it full publicity in the forthcoming session at Lahore 22–24 March. In September 1941, Zafarullah Khan was appointed a Judge of the
Federal Court of India, a position he held until June 1947. At the request of
Muhammad Ali Jinnah, he represented the
Muslim League in July 1947 before the
Radcliffe Boundary Commission and presented the case of the Muslims in a highly commendable manner. Zafarullah Khan advised the
Nawab of Junagadh that if he decided to join his state with Pakistan, it would be both moral and legal. The Nawab then proceeded to announce his decision. at
The Hague. In October 1947, Zafarullah Khan represented Pakistan at the
United Nations General Assembly as head of the Pakistani delegation and advocated the position of the Muslim world on the
Palestinian issue. On October 28, he was appointed chairman of Subcommittee 2 of the
Ad Hoc Committee on the Palestinian Question upon the resignation of the previous chairman. That year, he was appointed Pakistan's first
Foreign Minister, a post he held for seven years. Between 1948 and 1954, he also represented Pakistan at the United Nations
Security Council where he advocated for the liberation of occupied
Kashmir,
Libya,
Northern Ireland,
Eritrea,
Somalia,
Sudan,
Tunisia,
Morocco, and Indonesia. As Foreign Minister, he represented Pakistan at the Manila Treaty Conference in September 1954. Support for the
Manila Pact in Pakistan was divided, with West Pakistan dominated
army and a handful of leaders in favour of this, while most elected members of the
Constituent Assembly from West Pakistan and all of the Assembly members from East Pakistan opposed it. Zafarullah signed the
Manila Pact, committing to Pakistan's accession to the
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (
SEATO). In 1954, he became a Judge at the
International Court of Justice (ICJ) in
The Hague, a position he held until 1961. He was the vice-president of the
International Court of Justice from 1958 to 1961. Between 1961 and 1964, he was Pakistan's Permanent Representative at the United Nations. From 1962 to 1964, he was also the
President of the
UN General Assembly. He later rejoined the ICJ as a judge from 1964 to 1973, serving as president from 1970 to 1973. In 1982, the first ever
Provisional World Parliament (PWP) met in
Brighton,
U.K. at the
Royal Pavilion was presided over by him. ==Religion==