Within areas that are
subdivided noncontiguously,
annexation can take place whereby a lower-tier municipality can annex territory under the jurisdiction of a higher-tier municipality, or tiers do not exist a local municipality can annex territory from another local municipality. The rules that govern municipal annexations in absorption of neighbouring territory vary by country. For example, in the United States,
incorporated cities and towns often expand their boundaries by annexing
unincorporated land adjacent to them. Municipalities can also entirely annex and be entirely annexed by other municipalities, though this is less common in the United States. Laws governing the ability and the extent municipalities can expand in this fashion are defined by the individual
states' constitutions. Annexation of neighbouring communities occurs in Canada. The City of
Calgary, for example, has in the past annexed the communities of Bridgeland, Riverside, Sunnyside, Hillhurst, Hunter, Hubalta, Ogden, Forest Lawn, Midnapore, Shepard, Montgomery, and Bowness. Another example of an annexation in Canada occurred when the city of
London,
Ontario annexed
Wortley Village in 1890.
Indonesia In Indonesia, municipal annexations are relatively rare in present times, but these examples did exist in the second half of 20th century. In
West Sumatra, on 21 March 1980,
Padang annexed parts of the districts of Koto Tangah, Pauh, and Lubuk Begalung from
Padang Pariaman Regency. Soon, Kasang was removed from Koto Tangah (and remains part of Padang Pariaman), while new districts were also created: Nanggalo (from Koto Tangah), Kuranji (from Pauh), Lubuk Kilangan, and Bungus Teluk Kabung (from Lubuk Begalung) In
East Kalimantan, on 24 April 1969,
Samarinda received the districts of
Palaran,
Sanga-Sanga,
Muara Jawa, and
Samboja from Kutai Regency, while
Balikpapan received the districts of
Penajam and "parts of Samboja south of the Rawa III river". However, 16 years later, on 13 October 1987, Samarinda returned all of the aforementioned districts (except Palaran) to Kutai, and
Pasir Regency annexed
Penajam from Balikpapan. In exchange, Samarinda annexed several villages from
Loa Janan,
Anggana, and
Sanga-Sanga. ==See also==