Omani ship Nasr al Bahr

The Royal Omani Navy, officially known as the Sultan of Oman's Navy until June 1990, is responsible for securing the strategically important Strait of Hormuz and protecting the nation's coastline. Unusually for the region, the navy possesses amphibious warfare capabilities. Nasr al Bahr is the second large amphibious warfare ship operated by the navy and was ordered from Brooke Marine as a complement to the smaller , which was already in service. The design is similar to the vessels ordered by the Algerian National Navy, and the ships are sometimes considered part of the same class, although they differ in aspects such as propulsion and sensors. Collectively, these vessels are known as the Brooke Marine 93 m amphibious warfare ships. Nasr al Bahr displaces and has an overall length of and between perpendiculars. The beam is , and the mean draught is . The ship's complement comprises 13 officers, 16 chief petty officers, and 52 enlisted personnel. The vessel is powered by two Paxman Valenta 18RP200CM diesel engines, driving two constant-pitch propellers. These engines produce a combined output of , giving the ship a top speed of and a cruising range of at . The vessel has an endurance of 28 days, reduced to 10 days when carrying troops. Upon entering service, the ship experienced issues with its exhaust system, which initially expelled gases underwater. A solution was implemented in 1992 with the addition of a traditional funnel. Auxiliary power is provided by three diesel engines generating a combined . The vessel was originally designed to transport up to of cargo or seven main battle tanks, along with a number of landing craft. This capacity was later increased to a maximum of of beachable cargo, and up to of non-beachable cargo. The vessel can carry a landing force composed of 13 officers, 16 non-commissioned officers, and 211 enlisted troops. The vehicle deck measures in length and in width, and is equipped with a cargo hatch measuring by . Disembarkation is facilitated by a bow ramp measuring by wide and a stern ramp measuring by . Vehicles can be landed on gradients of up to 1:40. A crane is mounted forward and can traverse to unload the cargo deck. The ship also carries two Sea Truck landing craft. Armament and sensors Nasr al Bahr is equipped with a gun-only armament suite, consisting of two twin Bofors L/70 guns in Breda DARDO mounts and two single Oerlikon cannons in GAM B01 mounts. The Bofors guns, also known as Compact Forty, can fire high-explosive (HE) shells at a rate of 600 rounds per minute with a muzzle velocity of per second. They are also capable of firing Armour-Piercing Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot (APFSDS) rounds at per second, intended for use against incoming anti-ship missiles. The Oerlikon cannons have a rate of fire of 1,000 rounds per minute and a muzzle velocity of per second. The vessel features a helipad aft, capable of accommodating a helicopter up to the size of a Westland Sea King. For sensors, the ship is equipped with Decca TM 1226 sea search and navigational radar, and Decca 1290 navigation radar. Initially, a single CSEE Lynx electro-optical fire control system was installed, later supplemented by an Ericsson 9LV 200 fire control radar. Electronic support measures (ESM) are provided by the Decca RDL-2 radar detecting and locating system. A single Kelvin Hughes MS 45 echo sounder is also fitted. The ship is armed with two Wallop Barricade decoy launchers, for which Oman was the launch customer. Each launcher fires chaff and flare rockets. ==Construction and career==

Ordered on 18 March 1982, Nasr al Bahr was laid down by Brooke Marine at their shipyard in Lowestoft in May of the same year. The vessel was launched on 16 May 1984 and commissioned into service with the Royal Navy of Oman on 13 February 1985. The ship carried the pennant number L.2. One of the primary roles of the Royal Navy of Oman is to conduct joint exercises with foreign navies and participate in international port visits. As the largest vessel in the Omani fleet, Nasr al Bahr frequently takes part in combined naval operations. Notably, the ship participated in Exercise Saif Sareea, a large-scale military exercise between the United Kingdom and Oman, held from 15 November to 8 December 1986. The two nations have a long history of naval cooperation, with British officers serving in the Omani Navy. In 1990, the vessel visited Goa, India, as part of a broader Indian Ocean deployment aimed at showcasing the Royal Navy of Oman's capabilities abroad. An attempt to modernize the ship's systems in 1995 was unsuccessful, although the aft Oerlikon mount was removed in 1996 to improve stability. Upon returning to active service, the ship initially spent more time in dock than at sea. However, a 2005 study found that Nasr al Bahr spent 52 days at sea that year—comparing favorably with the rest of the fleet, which recorded between 23 and 75 days at sea, excluding two outliers. Nasr al Bahr subsequently took part in Exercise Khanjar Haad on 10 May 2011, which involved joint operations with the French Navy, the United States Navy, and the Royal Navy. In addition to its amphibious warfare role, Nasr al Bahr provides logistical support to Oman's remote territories. This includes transporting personnel and equipment to the strategically important Masirah Island, a site utilized by the United States Armed Forces as a staging post for operations in the Persian Gulf, and a major base for the Royal Air Force of Oman. In January 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the ship delivered humanitarian aid—including fuel and other essential supplies—to Khasab in the Musandam Governorate. Fuel was transported in tankers carried in the ship's hold. ==Citations==