Animal identification

Individual identification of animals by means of body markings has been practiced for over 3,800 years, as stated in Code of Hammurabi. The first official identification systems are documented as far as the 18th century. In Uruguay for instance maintained at that time a register of hot brands. ==Noninvasive methods==

Wildlife photo-identification Biometrics ==Birds==

with a wing tag at Copenhagen Zoo, Denmark • Leg rings • Wing tags • Microchip implants (parrots) • Telemetry (falconry birds) ==Domesticated mammals==

Sheep • Freeze branding • Branding (hot-iron) • Collar • Earmarking • Ear tags (non-electronic) • Ear tags (electronic) • Semi-permanent paint Pigs • Collars (electronic and non-electronic) • Earmarking • Ear tags (non-electronic) • Ear tags (electronic) • Semi-permanent paint • Tattoo (see animal tattoo) Horses • Collars (non-electronic) • Branding (hot-iron) • Branding (freeze) • Microchip implants • Lip tattoo Cattle • Anklets • Branding (freeze) • Branding (hot-iron) • Collars (electronic and non-electronic) • Earmarking • Ear tags (non-electronic) • Ear tags (electronic) • Rumen bolus (electronic) • Cowbell • Photo-identification of noses ==Wild mammals==

Bats • Photo-identification of wing membranes Koalas • Photo-identification of noses Giraffes • Photo-identification Zebras • Photo-identification of stripes Marine mammals • Transponders • Adhesive tags • Fin photographs • Fluke photographs ==Fish==

• Microchip implants • Fin clipping • Coded wire tag • Passive integrated transponder • Acoustic tag • Visible implant elastomer (VIE) ==Sharks==

• Photo-identification == Amphibians ==

• Microchip implants • Toe clippings • Passive integrated transponder • Visible implant elastomer (VIE) • Photo-identification ==Invertebrates==

• Adhesive tags • Semi-permanent paint • Photo-identification ==National animal identification schemes==

• British Cattle Movement Service in Britain • National Animal Identification and Tracing in New Zealand • National Animal Identification System in the United States • National Livestock Identification System in Australia ==Footnotes==

File:Wing tag Great Frigatebird.JPG|Great frigatebird with a wing tag File:Kaka parrot foot.jpg|Bird ring File:Notched ear sheep.jpg|Sheep with an earmark File:Penn state university pigs.jpg|Pig with earmark File:Branded Shackleford Pony.jpg|Horse with a brand File:Santa Gertrudis.jpg|Santa Gertudis cattle with electronic and non-electronic ear tags File:A calf with eartag and transponder in Agentina.jpg|Calf with a non-electronic ear tag, numbered collar and transponder (blue device) File:Bear with identification.jpg|Bear with an ear tag and transponder File:Greyhound right ear tattoo.jpg|Tattoo inside a Greyhound's ear File:DogTags license fxwb.jpg|Dog collar with dog license and other dog tags File:134 2khz rfid animal tag.jpg|A microchip implant and applicator File:Lab mouse mg 3308.jpg|A laboratory mouse with an ear tag File:Tagging for future reference - geograph.org.uk - 1220926.jpg|Fish with a transponder File:Halichoerus grypus Telemetry.jpg|Harbour seal with a transponder File:Sealwithhattag.jpg|Common seal with an adhesive tag File:Apis mellifera scutellata 1355021.jpg|European queen honey bee marked with a paint spot surrounded by Africanised honeybees File:Ewe with lamb - geograph.org.uk - 1119783.jpg|Sheep with painted number File:Monarch Butterfly Danaus plexippus Tagged Closeup 3008px.jpg|Monarch butterfly tagged with a sticker File:Tagging mussels (7008974195).jpg|Mussels being tagged ==References==