The National Socialist Party of America was founded in 1970 by
Frank Collin shortly after he left the
National Socialist White People's Party, originally the American Nazi Party. The NSPA was sometimes also called the American Nazi Party (ANP), though that was not its official name. While challenging the city's actions in the courts, the party decided to redirect its attention to Chicago's suburbs, which had no such restrictions. In 1977 Collin announced the party's intention to march through the largely
Jewish community of
Skokie, Illinois, where one in six residents was a
Holocaust survivor. A legal battle ensued when the village attempted to ban the event and the party. Represented by a Jewish
ACLU lawyer in court, they won the right to march on
First Amendment grounds in
National Socialist Party v. Village of Skokie, a lawsuit carried all the way to the
U.S. Supreme Court, though it failed to carry through its intention (at the last minute,
Chicago relented and they marched there instead). They were involved in the
Greensboro massacre. before dissolving the organization in 1981. ==See also==