New York Society Library

In 1754, six residents of New York City, which was then located primarily on what is now Lower Manhattan, formed the New York Society. At the time, the city did not have a library, and the New York Society believed that such an institution would be useful to the community. They convinced Colonial Governor James DeLancey to let them use a room in the original City Hall, at Wall and Broad streets, for that purpose. In 1772, the Society received a charter from King George III. The NYSL effectively served as the first Library of Congress for two years, and its records show borrowings by George Washington, John Adams, and Alexander Hamilton, among other early American notables from that time. The nature of the collection represented the ideals of the library and contained works of a great variety. Although Christian theological texts were included, so was the Koran and books on Catholic saints and popes. There was a variety of natural philosophy texts alongside works by Shakespeare. which was a mansion built just 20 years earlier. Notable patrons at the present location have ranged from W. H. Auden and Lillian Hellman in the early years to David Halberstam and Wendy Wasserstein more recently. ==Building==

Trowbridge & Livingston designed the house at 53 East 79th Street for the John S. Rogers family in 1917, in the firm's later years. Most of their buildings in the city were commercial, such as the B. Altman and Company Building and the St. Regis Hotel on Fifth Avenue, and the east wing of the American Museum of Natural History. The John S. Rogers House is considered a prime example of their residential work. The library is housed in a five-story, three-bay building faced in limestone. The main entrance at street level, behind a long awning, is flanked by two Doric pilasters supporting a horizontal lintel, set in rusticated stone. Above that story is a full-width balustrade. On the upper stories the stone is laid in an ashlar pattern with quoins at the corners. The second story windows are double glass doors topped with carved bracketed pediments (rounded in the center). Belt courses at sill level divide the stories. Above the fifth story the roofline is marked by a frieze and cornice topped by another balustrade. Behind it is a small terrace sheltered by a wide overhang. An end chimney rises from the gabled tile roof. The interior was extensively modified for the library in 1937. Much of this effort was focused on the rear; when it was completed, 39 rooms had been combined into 24. Original treatments remain, such as the coffered ceilings, stone walls and arched entryways on the first and second floors. The wood paneling and mantels in the card catalog room, second floor lounge and director's office is also original. Architectural historian Henry Hope Reed Jr. has described the main stairs as "the only [ones] in New York fit for a cardinal". ==Programs and collections==

Members pay an annual fee of $350 for a family, $335 for a couple, $270 for an individual to gain borrowing privileges and access to the upper floors, with two closed stacks, a members' lounge and exhibit hall. Those fees and the library's endowment support a staff of 18 full-time and 10 part-time employees and headed by director Carolyn Waters. The library acquires an average of 4,000 new volumes every year and subscribes to approximately 100 periodicals. The collection also includes a children's library and 10,000 volumes in its special collections. Foremost among these latter are 290 books from the personal library kept by Puritan settler John Winthrop and his descendants. Another significant collection are the Italian-language books kept by Mozart's librettist Lorenzo Da Ponte, who spent his last years in New York. He started an Italian Library Society in 1827 under the New York Society's auspices, to supplement his courses at Columbia, the first college courses in that language in the United States. Those 600 volumes made up a large share of the library's 1838 catalog, and are today separately organized as the Da Ponte collection. ==Head librarians==

Head librarians have included: • 1755–56: John Morin Scott • 1756–57: George Duncan Ludlow • 1765–68: Thomas Jackson • 1768–74: James Wilmot • 1774–89: George Murray • 1789–90: George Wright • 1790–94: Isaac Leonard Kip • 1794–97: John P. Pearss • 1797–1824: John Forbes • 1824–28: Burtis Skidmore • 1828–55: Phillip Jones Forbes • 1855–57: John MacMullen • 1857–95: Wentworth Sanborn Bulter • 1895–1936: Frank Barna Bigelow • 1936–54: Edith Hall Crowell • 1954–78: Sylvia Hilton • 1978–2005: Mark Piel • 2005–06: Charles Cronin • 2006–15: Mark Bartlett • 2015–present: Carolyn Waters == See also ==